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THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


GIFT  OF 

V/endell  S.  Miller 


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PICTORIAL    REFLEX 


—OF- 


Salt  Lake  City  and  Vicinity, 

Including  Letter- Press  Description  and  Illustrations  of  Public 
Edifices,  Hotels,  Business  Blocks,  Churches,  Indians, 
Bathing  Resorts,  Etc.   and  a  Variety  of  1n- 
fomation.  Valuable  for  the  Tourist 
or  Resident,  from  Relia- 
ble Sources. 


.^xtbxjIsi^ex)   B-!r 


C.    R.    savage:,    Art    Bazaar, 

12  &  14  Main  St.,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 


(Twelfth  Revised  Edition,  Copyrighted  1898,  by  C.   K.  Savage,  Salt  Lake  City. 


TO  THE  PUBLIC. 

Cf'INCE  the  last  issue  of  this  brochure,  all  the  machinery  of  vStatehood  in  Utah  has 
V*)  been  put  into  successful  operation,  and  more  than  ever  enquiry  is  evinced  as  to 
the  resources  and  attractions  of  the  Beehive  State. 

A  brief  illustrated  epitome  is  herewith  presented,  and  I  ask  its  acceptance  by  the 
traveling  public,  and  by  home  friends,  on  the  ground  that  all  its  contents  are  reliable, 
and  because  that  in  this  brief  form  it  supplies  information  culled  from  the  best  author- 
ities. It  is  further  believed  that  the  truth  regarding  this  unique  city.  State  and 
people  will  be  fully  appreciated,  and  that  the  future  development  of  Utah  will  continue 
to  be  of  increasing  interest  to  every  purchaser  and  reader  or  the  Reflex — at  least 
such  is  the  desire  of 

Yours  respectfully, 

C.   R.  SAVAGE. 

730028 


•^    (^    (J*    t^    5^    (^    S,^    S^    «^    «^    ^^   '^    !^   5^    !^    «^    e^    :^    t(?*    «^    ^*    :^    e^    !^    !<9*    (^    (^    e^    «^    «*^  «^    «^    «^    !«^    <^    ^*    ^*    ^* 

Savabe's  F^M0US  Art  B^qzAAR, 

JUST  SOUTH   OF  THE  TEMPLE  AND  OPPOSITE  Z.   M.  C.    I.  STORE 

IS    HEADQUARTERS    FOR    VIEWS   OF    ROCKY   MOUNTAIN  SCENERY  AND 
PORTRAITS  OF  UTAH'S  CELEBRITIES. 

The  Bazaar  also  carries  full  lines  of  Wood  Novelties,  Mormon  Publications, 
Stationery,  Leather  Goods.  Toys,  Books,  Fancy  Goods,  Albums,  Artists'  Materials, 
Photographic  Stock,  Frames  and  Mouldings — Wholesale  and  Retail.  Prices  satis- 
factory. It  also  boasts  of  the  Finest  and  Best  Appointed  Photographic  Portrait 
Rooms  in  Utah.  It  will  pay  you  to  visit  the  Bazaar.  All  first-class  magazines, 
serials  and  new  books,  as  published.     Subscriptions  and  orders  received. 

C.  R.  5AVAQE,  Proprietor,    '-*• '4.^41'?^  fj,^'^*^''"- 

(^  s^  «^   (^   5^  (^  t^  t^  c^  e^  «^  «^-  e^  e^   e^   <^   «^  e^  ^*   ^*  ^*   e^  «^  <^  «^  «^  «^  «^  «^  «^  ^'^  «^  ^^  «^  <^   <^  *^  '^ 


TEMPLE  FROM  THE  SOUTH-WEST. 


MORMON  TABERNACLE. 


WOTfliOF&icraiaioigreiQigi&i^Iftg 


CO  (-)  <•>  to  f  O  (O  (O  CO  to  <0  <0  CO  to  C  O  CO  COf 


'X'  T^pS^^^^i^^^^- '  />i^5^~>;'i?^<^2g>^ct?g?r^s,-iar^^s^S*^?'::^5»^  ^^^.V:  -:>-■• 


i2^(..j  ou.;u.'C-,'w.;'-7'./;  ojo.)  <•-■>  vjt..';  (.^>.  (^j'-j  f.jk>.iOj  <~o  <.jj  u.>  <•■>  Qj  (o  Oj<j)  o;  u)  o  cj  cy 


INTERIOR  OF  MORMON  TABERNACLE. 


sa 


■''^ 


•CITY  AND  COUNTY  BUILDING. 


WAH3ATCH  MOUNTAINS. 

SOUTH-EAST  FROM  CITY  AND  COUNTY  BUILDING, 


INTERIOR    OF  TABERNACLE  AS  ONCE  DECORATED  TEMPLE  BLOJK. 

ENTRANCE  TO  TEMPLE— EAST  FRONT.  ANNEX  TO  TEMPLE. 


ART  WINDOW  IN  TE.MPLE. 
NEAR  VIEW  OF  GRAND  ORGAN. 


LION  AND   BFEHIVE  HOUSES.  LION  ON  FRONT  OF  BEEHIVE  HOUS,E.  ASSEMBLY  HALL. 

INTERIOR  OF  ASSEMBLY  HALL.  GRAVE  OF  BRIGHAM  YOUNG. 


GARDO   HOUSE.  OLD  GATE.  DESERET  NEWS.  BEEHIVE  HOUSE. 

ANGEL  Moroni  on  top  of  temple.  eagle  gate  remodeled. 


TEMPLETON  HOTEL. 
KNUTSFORD  HOTEL. 


BRIGHAM  YOUNG'S  SCHOOL  HOUSE.      SECTION  OF  ROOF  OF  TABERNACLE. 
OLDEST  HOUSE  IN  UTAH,   BUILT  BY  THE  PIONEERS. 


CULMER  BLOCK. 

McCORNICK  BLOCK. 


^ArAl\  •>■:. 

CO-OFl-  :  :  ORE. 

OLD  CONSTITUTION  BLOCK. 
BUSINESS  BLOCKS. 


DOOLY   BLOCK. 
COMMERCIAL  BLOCK. 


11 


COMPANY  QUAHTERS. 
OFFICERS'    QUARTERS 


BAND  STAND. 
VIEWS  AT  FORT  DOUGLAS. 


NORTH  ENTRANCE. 

OFFICERS'    QUARTERS. 


JEWISH  SYNAGOGUE.  ST.   MARY'S   (CATHOLIC  SCHOOL. J  ST.    PAUL'S  (EPISCOPAL.) 

ST.  MARK'S  CATHEDRAL  (EPISCOPAL.)  FIRST  CONGREGATIONAL.  SWEDISH  LUTHERAN. 

FIRST  METHODIST.  FIRST  B^TIST.  FIRST  PRESBYTERIAN. 

DENOMINATIONAL  CHURCHES. 


PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 


14 


MORMON  TEMPLES. 


15 


FIRST  SOUTH  STREET— EAST. 
FIRST  SOUTH   STREET— WEST. 


EAST  TEMPLE  STREET. 

SECOND  SOUTH  STREET. 


16 


RAFTERS.  THE  PAVILION.  BLACK  ROCK.  BRINE  SHRIMP.  A  SKIFF.      THE  MOUNTAINS. 

BLACK  ROCK.  THE  BEACH.  THE  BATH  HOUSES.  FLOATING.  STEAMER  GARFIELD.      LOOKING  EAST. 

GARFIELD  BEACH  BATHING  RESORT  (OREGON  SHORT  LINE,)  GREAT  SALT  LAKE. 


17 


p>.-— 

f^lQIMHBB^lBiMBe^ 

.'is  '      •       "  1!- 


EAST  FRONT. 


INTERIOR  OF  DANCING  PAVILION. 

SALT  AIR  BEACH  AND  PAVILION. 


SOUTH  FRONT. 

NORTH  FRONT. 


18 


GEORGKQ,  CANNON 

BOR.,     J«    1]',5|827 


PRESIDENTS  OF  THE  MORMON  CHURCH. 


19 


HOT  SPRINGS  BATH  HOUSES  AND  HOT  SPRING  LAKE. 


HOT  SPRINGS  BATHING  POOL. 


PUBLIC  BUILDINGS. 


20 


TYPES  OF  INDIANS. 


INTRODUCTION 

TO.   AND 

DESCRIPTION    OF    ILLUSTRATIONS 

IN    THIS 

Pictorial  Reflex  of  Salt  Lake  City 

AND     VICINITY. 


'O  THE  STRANGER  TOURIST,  and  to  the  newly  arrived  citizen  as  well  as  the  old,  pictorial 
and  statistical  illustrations  of  the  wonderful  development  of  UTAH,  now  a  State  of  this 
glorious  Union,  must  ever  be  of  surpassing  interest ;  its  colonization  was  unique,  presenting 
some  historic  similarity  with  that  of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers,  who  also  found  shelter  from  relig- 
ious persecution  on  the  wild  and  barren  shores  of  inhospitable,  but  now  staple,  wealthy  and 
progressive  New  England,  from  whence  has  radiated  a  toiling,  pioneering,  yet  intellectual  and  leading 
element  of  our  cosmopolitan  population.  The  founders  of  Utah  and  its  religion  were  essentially  of 
this  class  ;  Joseph  Smith  the  Prophet  of  a  new  dispensation  ;  the  colonizer  of  an  arid  desert,  Brigham 
Young  ;  the  dauntless  and  devoted  missionary  (now  President  Wilford  Woodruff)  with  their  promin- 
ent associates  had  within  their  veins  this  fecund  blood,  and  a  glance  through  this  pictured  Reflex  and 
and  press  matter  inclusive,  will  demonstrate  that  the  finger  of  destiny  has  pointed  out  that  fact,  that 


6  PICTORIAL   REFLEX  OF  SALT  LAKE  CITY. 

within  the  shadows  of  the  Rocky  mountains,  and  the  secluded  valleys  thereof,  there  grows  a  potent 
power,  whose  influence  is  already  felt  in  the  industrial,  moral  and  religious  world,  and  that  with  the 
present  ardent  educational  drift  of  the  Bee-hive  State,  will  yet  influence  art,  science  and  literature  in 
the  not  far  distant  yet  pregnant  future. 

With  these  preparatory  sentences  the  reader  will  easih-  turn  from  chapter  to  chapter  numbered  as 
they  are  in  cousonance  with  the  illustrations  : 

Page  i— THE  GREAT  TEMPIvE. 

On  April  the  sixth,  1852,  amid  solemn  acclaim  and  with  august  ceremony,  the  foundation  and 
comer-stones  of  this  all -important  structure  were  laid  by  President  Young  and  his  compeers.  Many 
who  then  and  there  officiated,  including  the  inspired  leader  himself,  have  already  joined  the  great 
majority. 

Meanwhile,  the  edifice  itself  went  forward  to  that  assured  completion  which  was  finally  decreed, 
in  the  April  Conference  of  1892  when,  with  uplifted  hands,  an  immense  audience  decided  that  its 
dedication  should  take  place  on  the  sixth  of  April,  1893. 

This  consummation  required  almost  superhuman  effort,  but  on  the  day  determined,  before  the 
assembled  Priesthood  of  the  Church,  after  solemn  service,  its  dedication  to  God  was  made  by 
President  Wilford  Woodruff",  according  to  precedents  long  established.  Services  were  continued  for 
over  thvee  weeks  in  order  that  some  75,000  persons  from  all  parts  of  the  Territor\-,  Canada,  Mexico, 
Arizona,  Colorado  and  "  the  islands  of  the  sea,"  might  attend  the  imposing  ceremonials. 

The  Temple  stands  upon  the  east  side  of  what  is  known  as  the  Temple  Block — the  ven,'  spot 
designated  by  President  Young  on  the  day  the  pioneers  arrived  in  the  valley  of  the  Great  Salt  Lake, 
July  24,  1847'. 

The  building  itself  is  186  feet  long  and  99  feet  in  width.  The  foundation  is  10  feet  thick,  but 
the  walls  were  drawn  in  from  story  to  story  until  they  only  measured  5  feet  at  the  square,  100 
feet  above  the  basement. 

All  the  outer  walls  and  towers  are  of  white  granite,  quarried  some  twenty  miles  from  the  city. 


PICTORIAIv  REFLEX  OF  SALT  LAKE  CITY.  7 

Most  of  this  material  came  in  later  years  by  rail,  hut  it  began  when  ox-teams  afforded  the  onl)- 
method  of  transportation,  involving  enormous  cost. 

Its  architecture  is  symbolic  throughout,  and  consequently  unique.  Three  towers  adorn  each 
end,  the  centre  ones  being  the  highest  and  the  eastern  three,  which  are  higher  than  the  western.  The 
east  centre  one  220  feet  high,  is  surmounted  bj-  the  angelic  figure  of  "  Moroni,"  12^  feet  in  height, 
made  of  hammered  copper,  gilded.  The  figure  is  a  majestic  one.  He  is'represented  as  in  the  act  of 
delivering  his  trumpet  message  of  warning,  yet  of  "Glad  Tidings  "  to  all  the  nations  of  the  earth. 

The  interior  of  the  Temple  is,  of  cour.se,  adapted  to  the  Mormon  view  of  its  necessities  and 
purposes.  Some  of  its  rooms  are  of  astonishing  grandeur  and  beauty,  others  less  ornate  are  yet 
characteristically  chaste  and  attractive.  Hot  water  is  used  for  heating,  and  electric  lights  for 
illumination  both  inside  and  out. 

Sanitary  appliances  are  perfect,  and  two  elevators  meet  the  requirements  of  the  initiated.  Varied 
estimates  have  been  made  as  to  the  cost  of  this  grand  house.  Probably  from  three  to  four  million 
dollars  have  been  expended  upon  it.  Much  of  this  was,  as  is  known,  in  kind,  and  part  in  labor, 
although  prior  to  completion  much  cash  was  denoted  for  its  appointments.  The  whole,  however, 
was  voluntary,  and  being  erected  more  for  ordinances,  than  for  general  worship,  it  will,  of  course,  be 
understood  that  none  but  members  of  the  Mormon  Church,  of  good  standing,  are  permitted  to  invade 
its  seclusion,  or  to  become  familiar  either  with  this,  or  with  others  noted  further  on  in  this  connection. 

The  grounds  (  10  acres)  surrounding  are  artistically  ornamented  with  lawns,  flowers,  shrubs  and 
trees,  which  are  open  daily.  In  the  same  inclosure  is  the  famous  Tabernacle  with  its  magnificent 
organ,  and  the  Assembly  Hall  used  for  the  meetings  of  the  State  authorities,  and  their  auxiliarv 
Quorums  of  the  acting  Priesthood. 

Page  2— EXTERIOR   OF  THE   MORMON  TABERNACLE   FROM   THE   SOUTH   EAST. 

The  genius  of  the  Mormon  people  for  great  gatherings,  such  as  their  annual  and  semi-annual 
Conferences,  and  the  habit  of  bringing  together  for  Sabbath  ser\-ices,  members  of  the  faithful  from 
the  twenty-three  wards  (^originally  20)  of  Salt  Lake  City,  doubtless  led  to  the  conception  and  erection 


8  PICTORIAL   REFLEX   OF  SALT   LAKE   CITY. 

of  this  vast  auditorium  ( 150 x  250  and  80  feet  high)  being  the  largest  house  for  religious  worship  in  the 
world,  where  hearing  is  an  indispensable. 

The  first  stone  of  this  building  was  laid  April  5th,  1865,  and  it  was  completed  and  dedicated 
October  6,  1867.  Some  monster  concerts  have  been  given  within  its  walls:  Patti,  Juch  and  other 
noted  singers  have  sung  there,  while  the  greatest  of  musical  conductors,  the  late  far-famed 
P.  S.  Gilmore,  Theo.  Thomas  and  John  Phillip  Sousa  have  led  therein,  their  associates  to  increased 
appreciation  and  renown.     The  cost  of  the  building  was  about  1300,000. 

Page  3  -INTERIOR  OF  THE  TABERNACLE  FROM  EAST   END. 

This  view  of  the  huge  interior  is  taken  from  the  east  end  of  the  surrounding  gallery,  and  it  gives  a 
good  idea  as  to  its  use  and  convenience  for  large  congregations.  For  many  years  these  Conferences 
assembled  in  a  huge  bowery  erected  on  the  same  block,  but  this  not  being  suitable  for  wet  weather, 
that  great  leader,  President  Brigham  Young,  determined  upon  an  effort  to  accommodate  the  immense 
numbers  who  convened  on  such  occasions.  It  is  almost  needless  to  say  that  this  building  was  only 
ample  for  a  little  while,  though  its  seating  capacitj- is  about  7,000  (yet  a  greater  number  has  been 
packed  into  it),  and  now  overflow  meetings  are  indispensable  on  special  occasions. 

The  construction  of  this  building  is  unique,  in  that  it  is  without  a  pillar  support,  the  latticed  truss 
work  of  the  roof  is  ten  feet  from  ceiling  to  shingles,  and  its  mammoth  arches  rest  upon  forty-four 
stone  piers,  gi\nng  that  semi-oval  appearance  which  it  presents.  Between  these  sandstone  piers  there 
are  twenty  double  doors,  each  nine  feet  wide,  all  opening  outward.  With  these  and  the  capacious 
stairways  from  the  gallerj-,  it  is  said  that  the  largest  congregation  can  land  egress  in  less  than  five 
minutes. 

The  facilities  for  ventilation  come  from  two  large  windows  in  the  roof  and  from  glazed  sash 
between  the  piers  and  above  the  doors,  which  ensure  both  light  and  circulation.  For  evening 
services,  concerts  and  entertainments,  electricity  is  used  for  lighting,  and  in  cold  weather  its  great 
spaces  are  made  warm  and  comfortable  by  steam. 

The  Great  Organ  is  a  remarkable  feature  of  this  world-famed  building.  Its  dimensions  are  30  x  33 
feet  and  it  is  48  feet  high.     Its  bellows  are  inflated  by  air  from  four  large  water  motors,  and  its 


PICTORlAl,  REF'I.EX  01?  SALT  LAKE  CITY.  9 

compass  comprises  67  stops  and  includes  2,648  pipes.  The  seats  as  seen  in  proximity  thereto  accom- 
modate an  unpaid   choir  of  400,    but  for  great  choruses  this  is  frequently  enlarged  to  600  voices. 

The  choir  is  under  the  direction  of  Prof.  Evan  vStephens,  whose  ability  as  a  leader  has  been 
tested  musically  in  all  directions,  while  his  labor  and  studious  efforts  have  been  unremittingly  seconded 
by  the  equally  accomplished  organist,  Frof.  Joseph  J.  Daynes.  This  grand  body  of  singers  had  the 
distinguished  honor  of  securing  second  prize  in  the  Grand  International  Chorus  Contest  at  the 
Columbian  World's  Exposition,  for  which  contest  they  had  less  than  three  months,  notice. 

The  main  work  of  this  combination  is  for  the  Sabbath  services,  where  the  singing  is  congrega- 
tional or  solely  by  the  choir,  as  may  seem  desirable.  It  may  be  noted,  too,  that  nearly  all  the 
musical  exercises,  consisting  or  h3-mns  and  anthems  are  original,  or  composed  by  prominent  musicians 
and  poets  of  the  Mormon  Church.  The  instrument  itself  is  mainly  of  Utah  creation.  Its  construction 
was  superintended  by  Mr.  Joseph  Ridges,  and  afterwards  many  valuable  improvements  were  made  by 
Messrs.  Johnson  and  Taylor,  all  Mormons.  Thursday  evening  is  set  apart  for  practice,  although  most 
days  tourists  or  visitors  may  enjoy  the  rare  treat  of  hearing  the  instrument  played. 

At  the  general  Sabbath  services,  the  four  rows  of  seats  below  the  choir  are'occupied  by  dignitaries 
and  officials  holding  different  grades  of  Priesthood  in  the  Mormon  Church.  The  upper  one  is  reserved 
for  the  First  Presidency  of  the  Church,  the  second  for  the  Twelve  Apostles,  the  third  for  the  Presidency 
of  the  Stake,  his  counselors,  expected  speakers  and  others,  while  the  fourth  and  lowest  is  reserved  for 
the  lesser,  or  Aaronic  Priesthood,  and,  until  recently,  for  those  who  administered  the  sacrament, 
which  occurred  every  Sabbath,  and  occupied  about  an  hour.  Water  is  used  instead  of  wine  in  this 
ordinance.  The  sacrament  is  now  administered  only  in  the  respective  W^ard  Meeting  Houses  each 
Sunday  evening.  At  present  all  the  seats  in  the  hou.se  are  free,  no  collections  are  taken  and  services 
begin  every  Sunday  at  two  p.  m.  No  visitor  to  Salt  Lake  should  fail  to  attend  one  of  these  sen-ices, 
which  usually  occupy  about  an  hour  and  a  half,  the  one  restriction  being,  that  those  who  attend  will 
remain  until  the  close  thereof. 

Page  4— CITY   AND   COUNTY    BUILDING. 

This  grand  City  and  County  Building  combined,  is  situated  on  the  ten  acre  block  once  known  as 
the  Eighth  Ward  or  Emigration  Square,  between  First  and  Second  East  Streets,  and  between  Fourth 


lO  PICTORIAL   REFI^EX   OF   SALT   LAKE   CIT\'. 

and  Fifth  South  Streets.  It  is  a  pretentions  building  in  what  is  called  the  Romanesque  style  of  arch- 
itecture, five  stories  in  height  and  272  x  156  feet  on  the  ground.  Conspicuous  over  all  surrounding 
buildings  is  the  central  tower,  250  feet  high  .surmounted  by  the  figure  of  Columbia.  The  four  comer 
towers,  with  emblematical  statuary,  are  120  feet  in  height.  KATine  (Utah)  stone  and  brick  are  the 
materials  used.  The  several  stories  are  fire-proof,  the  cost  was  nearly  800,000  dollars.  The  grounds 
are  beautifully  parked  and  lighted  by  electricity  at  night. 

Page  5— WASATCH   MOUNTAINS,    FROM   CITY  AND   COUNTY   BUILDING, 

LOOKING  SOUTHEAST. 

This  beautiful  view  embraces  the  grand  Wasatch  Range  of  mountains,  which  bound  the  City  and 
Valley  on  the  East.  The  highest  peak  is  1 1,500  feet  high,  it  is  a  mighty  bulwark  against  eastern  storms, 
and  in  its  wonderful  ra\-ines  and  even  near  the  summits  thereof,  lay  the  snows  and  springs  which  are 
of  inestimable  value,  for  nearly  all  the  intervening  land  between  the  city  and  the  base  of  the  mountains 
is  dotted  with  homes  and  cultivated  fields  ;  in  fact,  there  are  but  few  spots  unoccupied  now  in  the 
eastern  half  of  the  Valley.  The  streams,  known  as  Emigration,  Parley's,  Mill,  Rig  and  Little  Cotton- 
wood Creeks  pour  down  their  cr\-stal  waters  in  great  abimdance.  to  fructif}'  and  cover  with  herbage, 
that  once  desolate  soil  which  the  industry'  of  man  had  interlaced  with  tiny  canals  making  a  ver\-  net- 
work of  irrigating  ditches  which  traverse  the  entire  surface  of  available  land,  the  results  in  many 
instances  being  wonderful  both  as  to  quantity  and  quality  of  crops  and  fruits  produced. 

Fort  Douglas  and  the  State  Penitentiary-  are  both  within  the  range  of  sight  on  this  Eastern  Slope. 

Pace  6— TEMPLE  BLOCK— ANNEX  TO  TEMPLE,  ART  WINDOW  IN  TEMPLE.  ORGAN 
AS  IT  IS— AS  DECORATED,  AND  TEMPLE  DOOR. 

This  view  embraces  manv  objects  of  peculiar  interest  to  the  stranger — the  principal  one  being  the 
Temple  Block,  as  seen  from  the  Templeton  Building  outside,  combines  it  in  one  the  Temple,  Taber- 
nacle and  Assembly  Hall,  with  the  distant  view  of  Antelope  Island  and  the  Great  vSalt  Lake. 


PTCTORIAT,   REFIvEX   OF  SAI.T  LAKE   CITY.  II 

The  Annex  is  the  usual  entrance  to  the  Temple,  and  here  the  office  of  the  Recorder  of  the  Temple 
is  found.     It  is  his  business  to  record  the  various  items  and  persons  connected  with  Temple  work. 

The  Art  window  is  curious  from  the  fact  that  it  is  the  only  place  inside  the  buildinj);  photographed 
after  its  completion.  It  represents  the  visit  of  the  heavenly  messengers  to  Jo.seph  Smith,  previous  to 
the  organization  of  the  church.  It  is  in  one  of  the  interior  rooms  and  not  visible  from  the  outside, 
the  view  of  the  door  on  the  east  end  of  the  Temple  shows  its  solid  and  ornate  appearance.  It  is  plainly 
visible  from  the  street  gate.  The  materials  used  were  brought  from  the  East.  The  Organ  in  the  great 
Tabernacle  as  a  near  view,  is  here  introduced,  showing  its  appearance  when  the  building  was  decorated 
for  a  grand  celebration.  Particulars  concerning  this  wonderful  instrument  will  be  found  in  the  article 
on  the  interior  of  the  Tabernacle. 

Page  7— WON  AND  BEE-HIVE  HOUSES,  ASSEMBLY  HALL.   INTERIOR  AND 
EXTERIOR,  GRAVE  OF  BRIGHAM  YOUNG. 

The  Lion  House  and  the  Bee-Hive  House  are  noted  as  having  been  the  residences  of  President 
Brigham  Young  and  his  extensive  family.  The  former  was  built  1853-4  and  the  latter  some  time 
afterward. 

President  Young  exhibited  his  love  for  emblematic  decoration  by  placing  the  lion  couchant  over 
the  vestibule  of  the  Lion  House  This  gave  the  name  to  the  residence.  It  was  modelled  and  cut  in 
stone  by  an  earl}'  Mormon,  Mr.  Wm.  Ward,  lately  deceased.  The  bee-hive  crorwning  the  near  by  pre- 
tentious edifice  giving  it  the  title  of  the  "  Bee-hive  House,"  which  it  veritably  was,  for  in  and  around 
it  were  the  conveniences  for  a  pioneer  family  and  workmen  in  great  numbers' 

Between  the  two  residences  mentioned  can  be  seen  the  private  offices  of  President  Young.  He 
used  to  receive  there  his  visitors  and  associate  officials  of  the  Church.  They  are  .similarly  used  at  the 
present  time  by  President  Woodruff,  his  Counsellors  and  the  requisite  clerical  aids.  The  Deseret 
Telegraph  had  its  original  quarters  here.  Through  it,  communication  was  had  with  presiding  men 
all  over  the  Territory,  so  that  any  intimation  of  danger  from  hostile  Indians  and  other  matters  were 
thus  quickly  known,  and  aid  or  counsel  was  tendered  as  the  case  might  .suggest. 

The  Assembly  Hall  (exterior  and  interior)  is  situated  in  the  southwest  corner  of  the  Temple 
Block.     This  handsome  edifice  is  120  x  68  feet.     It  was  superintended  by  Master  Workman  Henry 


12  PICTORIAL  REFtEX  OF  SALT  LAKE  CITY. 

Grow  from  designs  by  Mr.  Obed  Taylor.  The  central  tower.  130  feet  from  the  ground,  sustains  as  a 
vane  the  suggestive  figure  of  an  angel,  with  the  trumpet  of  warning.  Its  interior  is  somewhat  on  the 
plan  of  the  adjoining  Tabernacle,  but  it  is  used  mainly  for  the  Stake  Priesthood  and  as  an  overflow 
meeting  house  at  the  general  Conferences.  Some  2,400  people  can  be  com^fortably  seated  in  its  cozy 
interior,  and  when  its  fine  organ  and  100  choristers  occupy,  at  such  times,  the  west  end  of  the  building 
it  presents  an  attractive  picture.     Its  decorations  are  chaste,  suitable  and  attractive. 

Passing  east  on  First  Street,  then  under  the  Eagle  Gate  and  turning  to  the  right,  brings  the  visitor 
to  the  grave  of  President  Brigham  Young,  the  great  Leader,  Pioneer  and  Prophet  of  the  Mormon 
people.  Thousands  visit  in  appreciative  mood,  this  sacred  locality  where  all  that  was  mortal  of  this 
mighty  man,  who  has  been  likened  unto  Moses,  waits  the  trump  of  the  resurrection. 

History'  has  not  yet  done  justice  to  Brigham  Young  ;  even  his  own  people,  to  whom  his  word  was 
law  and  by  whom  his  judgment  was  imquestioned,  fail  somewhat  in  this  respect.  They  know  full 
well  that  he  led  a  persecuted  people  from  aggressive  Illinois  into  the  wnldemess  where  there  was 
quietude  and  peace  ;  that  he  gave  uncounted  suggestions  and  set  an  example  by  inaugurating  all  the 
improvements  during  earh-  days  ;  that  to  his  foresight  and  genius  Salt  Lake  City  owes  its  grandeur 
and  beauty  ;  that  his  imprint  was  but  the  foreshadowing  of  its  destiny  as  the  great  metropolis  of  this 
entire  inter-mountain  region  ;  that  villages,  towns,  cities,  school-houses,  churches  and  temples  sprang 
up  at  the  bidding  of  his  inspirational  power  ;  that  generations  will  continue  to  build  upon  the  foun- 
dation he  was  privileged  to  lay  ;  that  his  genius  was  far-reaching  in  all  things  pertaining  to  the  up- 
building of  the  country',  and  that  as  the  years  roll  by,  the  value  of  his  work  increases  and  the  power 
of  his  genius  stands  out  in  bolder  relief.  The  leading  economic  traits  of  his  teachings  were  to  keep 
out  of  debt,  develop  your  own  resources,  sustain  home  enterprises,  be  producers  and  not  consumers 
only,  and  to  the  working  man  his  advice  was,  to  always  have  a  3'ears's  supply  of  food  ahead. 

Page  8— EAGLE   GATE,  GARDO   HOUSE,  DESERET   NEWS   OFFICE,  BEE-HIVE   HOUSE, 
VIGNETTE  OF  ORIGINAL  EAGLE  GATE  AND  THE  ANGEL  MORONI. 

The  Eagle  Gate,  as  it  is  called,  is  immediately  east  of  the  Bee-hive  House,  it  was  originally  the 
gateway  leading  into  President  Young's  private  grounds,  and  also  into  City  Creek  Canon,  which  at 


tlCfORlAt  REFI,EX  OF  SALT  LAKE  CITY.  I3 

that  time  was  a  toll  road.  The  bird  was  carved  in  wood  by  Mr.  Ralph  Ramsey.  To  preserve  it  as  an 
evidence  of  early  budding  art  along  with  those  already  mentioned,  it  has  been  lately  coppered.  The 
original  pedestals  upon  which  it  supports  stood  have  also  been  rebuilt  in  a  more  artistic  style,  so  that 
as  a  landmark  and  a  memory  it  may  now  remain  for  many  years  to  come. 

The  Gardo  House  on  opposite  south  corner,  was  erected  by  Brigham  Young,  who  intended  to  use 
it  wherein  to  receive  his  friends.  He  died  soon  after  its  erection,  when  it  was  occupied  as  a  parsonage 
by  his  successor,  John  Taylor.  Under  the  Confiscation  Act  of  Congress,  it  passed  into  the  hands  of  a 
receiver,  but  is  now  released  and  used  as  a  private  residence 

The  Office  of  the  Desefet  News  is  introduced  to  show  the  building  wherein  the  first  paper  published 
west  of  the  Missouri  River,  June  15,  1850,  is  now  issued.  It  started  with  300  subscribers.  The  price 
was  I2.50  for  six  months.  It  is  the  Church  organ  and  the  people's  friend,  the  oldest  and  most  trusted 
paper  west  of  the  Missouri  River.  Its  daily,  semi-weekly  and  weekly  editions  find  access  everywhere 
into  Mormon  circles,  where  it  is  honored  for  its  ability,  honesty,  fidelity  and  purity,  such  as  befits  and 
glorifies  a  truly  family  journal.  All  the  Standard  and  other  Mormon  publications  are  for  sale  in  the 
same  office. 

The  location  corners  on  South  and  East  Temple  Streets  in  proximity  to  the  Temple,  and  to  the 
tithing  offices  and  other  premises  in  the  rear. 

It  has  always  been  understood  that  tithing  was  a  tenet  of  faith  among  the  Mormons.  This  being 
often  or  mainly  in  kind,  has  been  utilized  for  paying  workmen  upon  the  Temple  and  other  public 
buildings,  for  ministering  to  the  poor  and  needy  of  the  Church,  and  often  to  Indians  whose  hunting 
grounds  are  now  occupied  by  this  prosperous  community.  The  premises  are  unique  in  their  way  and 
interesting  to  the  inquiring  tourist. 

The  near  view  of  the  Bee-hive  Hoiise  gives  a  more  accurate  idea  of  the  building  than  the  Lion 
House  and  Bee-hive  picture  in  combination.  It  was  in  this  building  that  Brigham  Young  died.  At 
present  it  is  used  as  the  residence  of  Mr.  Spencer  Clawson,  son-in-law  of  President  Brigham  Young, 
its  internal  arrangements  having  been  changed  since  the  great  leader  died. 

The  figure  on  this  page  is  the  ideal  representation  of  the  Angel  Moroni — of  the  Book  of  Mormon 
History — which  crowns  the  summit  of  the  central  eastern  tower  of  the  Salt  Lake  Temple.  The  figure 
itself  is  \2%  feet  in  height,  made  of  copper  and  richly  gilded.  The  trumpet  in  its  hand  typifies  the 
proclamation  of  the  Gospel  predicted  in  14th  Rev.,  6th  verse.     The  head  is  encircled  by  a  coronet  of 


14  PICTORIAL   REFLEX   OF  SALT   LAKE   CITY. 

electric  fire,  and  all  the  pinnacles  of  the  towers  of  that  wondrous  building  carry  similar  suggestive 
circles  of  this  modem  scientific  light. 

Page  9— oldest     HOUSE  IN  THE  CITY,  SECTION  OF  ROOF  OF  THE  TABERNACLE, 
BRIGHAM  YOLTNG'S  SCHOOL-HOUSE  AND  THE  LEADING  HOTELS. 

The  unique  relic  here  illustrated  dates  awa}-  back  to  Pioneer  daj's.  It  was  one  of  the  first  build 
ings  erected  in  the  "Old  fort,"  and  is  to-day  the  only  remaining  one  of  that  historic  time.  The 
susceptible  observer  holds  in  reverence  this  rare  old  house,  mayhap,  indulges  a  hope  that  from  its 
present  location  in  the  rear  of  Zebulon  Jacobs'  residence,  corner  of  First  North  and  West  Temple,  it 
ma}'  yet  be  transferred  and  preser\-ed  with  sacred  and  jealous  care,  sa}-  in  a  treasure  house  vath  other 
momentoes,  if  such  there  are,  of  "the  times  which  tried  men's  souls." 

Immediately  northeast  of  the  Eagle  Gate  is  f/ie  old  school-house  where  the  children  of  President 
Young  were  educated.  The  third  house  east,  called  the  ^^^lite  House,  was  among  the  first  erected 
after  the  old  fort  was  abandoned.     It  was  occupied  by  the  first  wife  and  family  of  President  Young. 

The  section  of  the  roof  of  the  old  Tabernacle  is  introduced  to  show  the  method  of  its  construction. 
It  is  known  as  the  "Howe  truss"  principle,  being  susceptible  of  sustaining  an  extraordinary  strain 
and  weight  at  the  same  time.     Solidity  and  strength  are  its  great  characteristics. 

In  striking  contrast  to  this  old  relic  of  by-gone  days  are  our  illustrations  of  two  leading  buildings 
of  the  city,  the  Templeton  block  and  the  Knutsford  Hotel.  Both  are  palatial  outwardly,  internally 
they  have  all  modem  appliances  for  use  and  comfort.  On  the  upper  floor  of  the  former  is  located  the 
business  section  of  the  Latter-day  Saints  College. 

The  Knutsford,  the  largest  and  most  modem  hotel  in  the  city  probably,  is  located  on  the  comer 
of  State  (First  East)  and  Third  South  Streets.  It  was  opened  June  i,  189 1,  has  300  rooms  all  with 
elegant  appointments.  Prices  per  day,  I3.00  to  $5.00.  G.  S.  Holmes,  Manager.  The  Cullen,  Manitou, 
Walker,  Morgan,  St.  James  and  others,  including  numberless  restaurants  and  boarding  houses  of  all 
grades,  are  in  localities  to  suit  their  diversified  patrons. 


PICTORIAI,   RKFLKX    OF   SALT   LAKK   CITV.  I5 

Page  io— BUSINESvS  BLOCKS— OLD  AND  NEW. 

Dooly.  The  handsome  and  substantial,  though  sombre-looking  structure,  known  as  the  Dooly 
Block,  was  when  built  quite  an  accession  to  the  architecture  of  this  city.  Facing  the  north,  its  dark 
red  stone  front  looks  cold  but  it  makes  a  fine  Post-office  at  present,  and  when  the  Third  Judicial 
District  Courts  were  held  in  it,  every  room  was  valuable  for  officials  and  lawyers  whose  professions 
associate  them  with  the  courts. 

The  beautiful  IMcCornick  Block  on  the  corner  of  Pirst  South  and  East  Temple  is  a  building  of 
which  any  cit}'  might  be  proud.  It  is  built  of  dressed  Kyune  I  Utah  I  .stone  and  having  a  southern 
aspect,  with  splendid  elevator  privileges,  its  multitude  of  sunny  rootns  are  ali  easily  rented  at  good 
prices. 

The  Commercial  Block,  one  of  the  finest  in  the  city,  cost  11250,000  ;  has  elevator  and  offices  on 
upper  floors,  and  the  Commercial  National  Bank  on  the  first  floor  ;  is  on  the  corner  of  Commercial 
and  Second  South  Streets  ;  was  built  in  J890. 

Co-operative  Store,  or  Z  C.  M  I ,  is  located  on  the  east  side  of  Main  Street,  just  south  of  the 
Templeton  Building.  It  is  four  stories  high,  including  basement,  with  a  frontage  of  i75  feet  and  a 
varying  depth  up  to  318  feet.  Being  the  parent  store  or  center  of  that  great  system  of  co-operative 
merchandising  which  was  founded  by  President  Brigham  Young  in  1868,  it  commands  a  great  deal 
of  attention  at  home  and  abroad.  From  it  radiates  that  trade  method  which  reaches  from  New 
Mexico  and  Arizona  to  Idaho,  whose  purpose  was  to  cheapen  all  commodities  by  bringing  the  pro- 
ducer and  consumer  into  proximitj',  and  to  prevent,  by  the  magnitude  of  its  stock,  the  creation  of 
corners,  under  any  circumstances 

It  carries  a  stock  valued  at  one  and  a  quarter  millions.  Its  employees  number  nearly  2co  and 
its  sales  reach  annually  three  to  four  million  dollars.  Its  capital  stock  is  11,250,000.  Wilford 
Woodruff  is  President,  and  in  all  trade  centres  its  credit  is  A  1.  Its  officers  and  directors  are  among 
the  leading  men  of  the  State,  and  its  branch  houses  in  Ogden,  Provo  and  Idaho  Falls  are  models  of 
business  character  and  undisputed  influence,  in  each  respective  locality. 

Connected  with  the  merchandise  department,  on  the  north-east,  is  the  great  Shoe  and  Clothing 
Factory  which  employs  some  250  hands  and  turns  out,  from  its  combined  departments,  near  1270,000 
worth  of  manufactured  goods  annvially. 


1 6  PICTORIAI,  Rj;PI,EX  OF  SALT  LAKE  CITY. 

Z.  C.  M.  I.  has  averaged  to  its  stockholders,  nearly  one  per  cent  per  month  in  dividends  since 
its  establishment  in  1868.     The  whole  institution  is  well  worth  a  visit. 

The  IVasa'ch  Building  is  located  on  the  north-east  corner  of  Second  South  and  Main  Streets, 
Though  older  than  the  others  illustrated,  with  the  exception  of  the  Co-operative  or  Z.  C.  M.  I.  Store, 
it  may  be  justly  called  a  iine  addition  to  the  business  houses  of  the  city.  It  was  erected  by  the  late 
Nicholas  Groesbeck.  The  Union  Pacific's  general  ticket  and  freight  offices  are  pleasantly  located  on 
the  corner  of  this  building. 

The  Constitution  Building  is  located  on  the  site  of  the  old  store  which  Z.  C.  M.  I  once  occu- 
pied. It  is  justly  called  one  of  the  best  blocks  in  the  cit}'  for  solidity  and  general  convenience. 
The  whole  upper  pari  is  arranged  for  offices,  with  elevator  and  steam  heaters  all  through  the  build- 
ing. The  cost  was  nearly  $125,000.  The  lower  floors  are  occupied  by  Margetts  Bros.,  Young  Bros  , 
John  C.  Cutler  &  Bro.  and  Barnes-Hardy  Company.  It  is  half  a  block  from  the  Temple  square  and 
on  the  west  side  of  Main  Street. 

The  Culmer  Block,  on  First-South,  just  east  of  Main,  is  a  very  pretentious  looking  structure, 
well  occupied  and  a  credit  to  the  City  and  the  State. 

The  Chamber  of  Commerce  is  on  Second  South,  one  and  a  half  blocks  west  of  Main  Street.  It 
was  built  by  the  Board  of  Trade  Building  Company,  at  a  cost  of  168, 000,  the  ground  having  been 
previously  donated  b}'  adjacent  property  holders,  was  valued  at  |;25,ooo.  The  rooms  of  the  Chamber 
of  Commerce  are  on  the  second  floor,  conveniently  reached  by  passenger  and  freight  elevators.  The 
U.  S.  Signal  Service  is  on  the  upper  floor,  and  visitors  to  Salt  L,ake  will  be  well  repaid  by  a  visit  to 
the  rooms  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  in  the  same  edifice,  where  many  of  the  mineral,  agricult- 
ural and  manufactured  products  of  Utah  are  on  exhibition.  The  Pioneet  or  Masonic  Library  Asso- 
ciation had  its  first  quarters  here,  but  the  books,  etc.,  have  now  been  donated  to  the  city,  and  are 
easily  accessible  to  the  public  at  the  northern  end  of  the  Joint  Building. 

Page  ii— FORT  DOUGLAS. 

Among  the  attractions  of  the  suburbs  of  Salt  Lake  City,  Fort  Douglas  leads,  commanding,  as  it 
does,  a  view  of  the  Lake  and  the  surrounding  country.  It  is  beautifully  laid  out,  is  a  full  regimental 
post  and  was  founded  by  General   Patrick   Edward  Conner,  who  came  to  Utah  in  command  of  the 


picTORiAi,  rp:flex  of  salt  lake  city.  17 

California  Volunteers  in  1862.  The  waters  of  Red  Butte  Canon  are  used  to  beautify  and  keep  alive 
the  shrubbery  and  gardens.  It  is  now  reached  by  the  Salt  Lake  and  Rapid  Transit  electric  car  lines. 
The  dress  parades  and  band  concerts  attract  thousands  of  visitors  annually.  When  enjoying  the  lux- 
ury of  a  carriage  ride,  do  not  fail  to  pay  a  visit  to  this  interesting  spot.  The  distance  from  the  centre 
of  Salt  Lake  City  is  about  three  miles  and  street  car  fare  for  the  round  trip  is  only  twenty  cents  ;  the 
elevation,  600  feet  above  the  city 

From  the  table  land  on  which  the  Fort  is  built  there  is  a  grand  panoramic  view  of  the  entire 
valley,  Salt  Lake  City  in  the  immediate  foreground,  with  the  lake  shimmering  around  its  islands  in 
the  distance,  the  grand  and  hoary  Wasatch  for  a  back-ground  and  in  the  west  as  the  boundary  of  this 
lovely  valley  is  the  Oquirrh  mounlains  which,  seen  in  the  western  distance,  divide  Salt  Lake  from 
Tooele  Valley.  The  well-known  "  Old  Reliable  "  mining  camp  of  Bingham  Caflon  is  some  twenty 
miles  distant,  south-west,  and  is  reached  by  the  R.  G  W.  Ry.  Gold,  silver  and  lead,  in  immense 
quantities  are  annually  produced  by  the  different  methods.  The  broad  tract  of  land  lying  beyond 
the  city  is  being  rapidly  reclaimed  and  brought  under  cultivation  by  means  of  canals,  which  have 
their  sources  in  the  River  Jordan,  the  outlet  of  Utah  Lake  ;  the  starting  point  being  the  Narrows,  at 
the  south  end  of  Salt  Lake  Valley. 

Page  12— DENOMINATIONAL  CHURCHES  IN  SALT  LaKE  CITY. 

St.  Mary's  Cathedral,  (Catholic),  on  Second  East,  between  South  Temple  and  First  South  Streets 
was  the  first  non-Mormon  church  erected  in  Utah,  after  its  settlement.  President  Young  donated 
$500.00  toward  its  erection.     Sabbath  services  are  held  at  8,  9,  10  A.  M.  and  7:30  P.  M. 

St.  Mark's  Cathedral  (Episcopal )  is  two  and  a  half  blocks  east  of  Main  Street,  north  side  of  First 
South.  The  building  is  ninety  feet  long,  thirty-six  feet  wide  and  thirty-four  feet  high.  It  was  erec- 
ted in  1871,  at  a  cost  of  $45,000.  A  transept  was  afterward  added  and  a  fine  pipe  organ  placed 
therein,  at  a  cost  of  $5,000.     Sabbath  morning  services  at  11  A.  M.,  evening  services,  7:30  P.  M. 

Presbyterian  Church,  corner  Second  South  and  Second  East  Streets,  is  a  plain,  redwood,  rustic 
edifice,  has  fine  acoustic  properties  and  is  a  pleasant  place  in  which  to  worship.  Sabbath  sersnces  at 
II  A.  M.  and  8  P.  M. 

St.  Paul's  Chapel  (Episcopal),  corner  of  Fourth  South  and  Main  Streets,  is  a  handsome  stone 


l8  PICTORIAL   REFLEX   OF  SALT  LAKE   CITY. 

building,  neatU-  and  artistically  finished,  within  and  without.  The  Rectory  adjoins  the  chapel. 
Time  of  service,  same  as  St.  Mark's. 

First  Methodist  Church,  half  a  block  east  of  Main  Street  on  Third  South,  is  a  roomy,  handsome 
brick  structure,  cost  $60,000  and  seats  800.     Sunday  services  at  11  A.  M.  and  7  P.  M. 

The  Swedish  Lutheran  Church,  is  on  the  corner  of  Second  South  and  Fourth  East  Streets.  It 
was  built  in  1S85,  cost  $10,000  ;  is  sixty-six  feet  long  by  forty-four  feet  wide  and  is  generally  consid- 
ered one  of  the  neatest  buildings  for  religious  purposes  in  the  city.  Opposite  this  building  is  All 
Hallows  College  1  Catholic  1 

First  Baptist  Church.  This  very  pretty  edifice  is  located  on  the  corner  of  Second  South  and 
Second  West.     Sunday  services  are  held  at  11  A.  IvC.  and  7:30  P.  M. 

Visitors  to  Salt  Lake  can  find  Mormon  Sabbath  services  in  any  one  of  the  twenty-four  Ward 
meeting  houses  in  Salt  Lake  Cit}-.     Hours  of  commencement,  6  to  6:30  P.  M. 

Tabernacle  services  at  2  P.  M.  Sunday,  as  noted  elsewhere.     Public  invited  and  all  seats  free. 

The  Je'iUish  Synagogue,  located  on  Fifth  East  between  First  and  Second  South  Streets,  is  an 
i.iLeresting  building  recentl}'  finished,  it  is  one  evidence  of  the  cosmopolitan  character  of  the  popu- 
lation of  Salt  Lake,  it  is  also  used  on  Sundaj^s  by  the  Christian  r>cientists  who  expect  soon  to  build 
for  themselves 

The  First  Congregational  Church,  a  beautiful  addition  to  the  architectural  attractions  of  Salt 
Lake  City,  is  located  on  the  corner  of  First  South  and  Fifth  East  Streets.  One  of  the  most  beauti- 
ful organs  in  the  West  has  been  placed  widiin  it.  and  combined  with  the  elegant  interior  finish, 
helps  to  make  this  addition  to  our  collection  of  churches  the  most  notable  of  them  all.  Services  are 
held  every  Sunday  at  11  A.  M.  and  7:30  P.  M.     Sunday  School  at  usual  hours. 

Page  13— types  of  OUR  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Salt  Lake  City  has  reason  to  be  proud  of  her  public  schools,  which  are.  in  point  of  number, 
.size  and  architectural  finish,  the  equals  of  any  to  be  found  in  older  communities  All  the  interior 
finishings  and  appointments  are  of  the  best,  and  all  recent  improvements  deemed  necessarj'  to  a 
complete  system  of  education  have  been  adopted.  The  number  of  scholars  enrolled  in  1S97-98  was 
11,383,  and  the  number  in  regular  attendance  is  over  10,000  in  the  public  schools  of  the  city.     There 


PICTORIAL  REFLEX  OF  SALT  LAKE  CITY.  I9 

are  250  teachers.  No  religious  tenets  are  permitted  to  be  taught,  making  them  strictly  non-sect- 
arian. The  education  obtained  within  them  is  little  short  of  the  highest  type.  The  School  Board 
is  composed  of  both  Mormons  and  Gentiles,  so  called,  and  is  of  a  most  progressive  and  liberal  char- 
acter. During  late  years,  $1,500,000  has  been  expended  for  additional  school  buildings  and  grounds. 
The  amount  requisite  for  maintaining  the  Public  Schools  of  Salt  I,ake  City,  which  number  28, 
exclusive  of  the  University,  is  fa [0,000,00  which  amount  covers  salaries,  school-books,  etc.,  but 
there  is  also  an  annual  interest  on  the  bonded  school  indebtedness  of  $750,000.00. 

Kindergarten  schools  are  also  established  and  these  are  successfully  and  efficiently  conducted. 

Page  14— TEMPLES  BUILT  BY  THE  MORMONS. 

Intelligent  people  are  aware  that  early  in  their  history,  this  "peculiar  people"  began  the 
building  of  Temples,  The  Mormon  Church  was  only  organized  on  the  sixth  of  April,  1830.  The 
corner-stones  of  a  Temple  were  laid  in  Kirtland,  Ohio,  on  the  twenty-third  of  July,  1833.  This  was 
55  X  65  feet  in  magnitude,  but  for  a  new  and  poor  people  it  was  a  gigantic  undertaking.  Within 
three  years  it  was  completed  at  a  cost  of  150,000  and  dedicated  on  the  twenty-seventh  of  March,  1836, 
by  the  Prophet  Joseph  Smith,  who  had  directed  its  entire  construction.  The  spiritual  manifestations 
which  took  place  at  its  dedication  are  familiar  to  all  readers  of  Mormon  history. 

When  the  people  vacated  the  State  of  Ohio  and  settled  on  the  site  of  Commerce,  afterwards 
called  Nauvoo,  in  Illinois,  they  speedily  commenced  a  more  pretentious  structure  than  the  first.  It 
was  the  marvel  of  the  western  country  and  being  of  hewn  stone,  with  such  symbols  on  its  exterior 
as  to  arrest  the  attention  of  the  tourist,  it  became  a  continuous  object  lesson  for  the  initiated,  as  well 
as  for  the  new  arrival  in  this  far.famed  city.  The  four  corner-stones  were  laid  April  6,  1841.  A  par- 
tial dedication  took  place  on  November  30th,  but  the  complete  and  final  one  was  not  until  May  2  and 
3,  1846,  nearly  two  years  after  the  assassination  of  the  Prophet.  It  was  128  x  88  feet,  had  a  fine  tower 
and  was  visible  for  miles  up  the  Mississippi  River.  The  graphic  words  of  Thomas  L.  Kane,  who 
described  its  beauty,  as  seen  amid  the  quietude  and  desolation  of  Nauvoo,  after  the  occupants  and 
builders  had  been  driven  at  the  bayonet's  point  into  the  wilderness,  will  linger  long  in  the  memory  of 
every  reader.  It  constitutes  a  recital  of  bloodshed  and  robbery  such  as  will  demand  the  corroboration 
of  history,  that  it  may  be  believed  in  the  generations  yet  to  come. 


20  PICTORIAL   REFLEX   OF   SALT   LAKE   CITV. 

The  first  Temple  built  in  Utah,  outside  of  the  one  commenced  in  Salt  Lake  City,  was  at  Si. 
George,  in  the  extreme  south-west  of  Utah.  This  location  is  beyond  the  "rim  of  the  Basin"  and 
was,  when  settled,  a  most  forbidding  section  of  the  countrj' — dry.  barren  and  volcanic.  But  it  has 
gradually  yielded  to  the  industn,-  of  its  colonists,  until  it  is  now  the  land  of  the  peach,  the  vine  and 
cotton.  This  Temple  rests  upon  a  genth^  rising  flat  or  bench  near  the  city.  Its  basement  is  of  vol- 
canic rock  and  its  walls  of  red  sandstone,  cemented  and  white.  Its  dimensions  are  114%  x  93^  feet. 
The  main  building  is  84  feet  high  and  the  single  tower  150  feet.  Its  comer-stones  were  laid  March 
10,  1872,  and  the  dedication  took  place  Januar\-  i,  2  and  3,  1877,  after  an  expenditure  of  little  less 
than  one  million  dollars.  This  building  really  made  colonization  possible  in  the  southwest,  and  its 
cost  has  been  amply  repaid  in  the  formation  of  thrifty  settlements  and  pleasant  homes  practically 
beyond  the  reach  of  frost  and  quite  desirable  for  winter  residences  of  northerners,  as  foreseen  by 
President  Young. 

The  comer-stone  of  the  Logan  Temple,  Cache  Count}-  (  Northern  Utah),  were  laid  September  17, 
1S77.  This  Temple,  dedicated  May  17.  1884,  is  171  x  95  feet,  standing  on  an  eminence  overlooking 
all  Cache  \'alley.  Its  eastern  tower  is  155  feet  and  its  western,  143  feet  high.  The  main  walls  are  86 
feet  to  the  top  of  battlements.     Cost  $600,000. 

.^[anti  Temple,  in  San  Pete  County,  occupies  a  more  sighth-  position  than  any  other  of  the  series- 
Its  comer-stones  were  laid  April  13,  1879.  In  size  it  is  172  x  95  feet  and  82  feet  high  to  the  square. 
The  eastern  tower  is  180  feet  and  the  western  one  170  feet  high  ;  cost  nearly  a  million  dollars.  The 
approaches,  with  the  gardens  are  not  yet  completed. 

These  Temples  are  the  great  spiritual  educational  institutions  of  the  Latter-Day  Saints.  In  them 
are  held  the  ' '  Schools  of  the  Prophets ' '  where  Science.  Literature  and  Theology  are  taught  and 
there  are  celebrated  those  marriages  and  "'sealing"  ordinances,  to  which  even*'  devout  Mormon 
looks  forward,  in  connection  with  his  or  her  labors,  as  to  the  dearest  duty  on  earth,  whether  for  the 
li\'ing  or  for  the  dead.  These  Temples  are  not  used  for  public  or  general  services,  nor  are  they  easy 
of  access,  save  to  the  best  members  of  the  Mormon  Church,  and  yet  outside  of  prurient  curiosity  they 
are  of  supreme  interest  and  value  to  all  the  world. 


PICTORIAI^   RKFIvEX   OF  SALT   LAKF,  CITY.  21 

Page  15— STREET  SCENES  IN  SALT  LAKE  CITY. 

The  breadth  of  the  streets  in  Salt  Lake  City  has  always  created  comment.  Some  think  them  too 
wide — some  think  them  just  right,  urging  that  general  conflagrations  are  impossible  ;  also  that  con- 
tagious diseases  do  not  have  as  good  a  chance.  Tax  payers  would  prefer  them  of  less  width,  but 
Brigham  Young  was  the  engineer  that  gave  the  measurements  and  his  ideas  have  settled  the  width  of 
those  streets  for  all  time  to  come.  One  hundred  and  thirty-two  feet  from  wall  to  wall  is  the  usual 
width.  Along  most  of  the  streets,  the  mountain  water  courses  down  on  either  side,  and  when  planted 
with  trees  this  great  width  is  not  so  noticeable.  Those  Streets  illustrated,  (see  page  15  of  Reflex 
pictures)  are  the  principal  business  thoroughfares  and  embrace  East  Temple  (or  Main)  and  First  and 
Second  South  Streets.  One  noticeable  and  to  some  objectionable  feature  is  that  the  principal  poles 
for  telegraph,  telephone  and  street  railway  purposes  are  placed  in  the  middle  of  the  streets,  which 
mars  their  grandeur,  as  these  poles  increase  from  year  to  year. 

Page  16— GARFIELD   BEACH,  BLACK   ROCK,  BRINE  SHRIMP   AND   FLOATERS  WITH  A 

VIEW  OF  THE  FIRST  BATHING  RESORT  ESTABLISHED  ON  THE 

GREAT  SALT  LAKE. 

This  noted  resort  (Garfield  Beach)  controlled  by  the  Oregon  Short  Line  Railway  Company,  is 
situated  at  the  most  picturesque  point  on  the  southern  shores  of  Utah's  great  inland  sea.  Everj'thing 
necessary  to  the  comfort  and  pleasure  of  visitors  has  been  provided,  and  in  the  matter  of  good  beach, 
it  is  thought  to  be  superior  to  Saltair,  but  it  is  some  six  or  seven  miles  further  from  the  city  than  the 
latter. 

The  collection  of  views  embraces  one  of  Black  Rock,  a  small  rocky  island  about  three-quarters 
of  a  mile  east  of  Garfield,  and  one  showing  the  background  of  mountains,  as  seen  looking  from  the 
lake  and  one  from  the  tower,  looking  seawards.  The  enlarged  picture  of  the  brine  shrimp  will 
interest  the  scientist,  the  picture  of  bathers  floating  will  give  an  idea  of  the  density  of  the  water, 
while  the  picture  of  the  steamer  "Garfield"  and  the  original  bathing  pier,  will  show  how  the 
evolution  of  lake  bathing  has  developed  since  the  seventies. 


22  PICTORIAI,  REFLEX   OF  SALT  LAKE  CITY. 

The  cost  of  erection  of  the  pavilion  and  the  buildings  on  the  shore  was  |75,ooo.  They  are  as 
complete  and  commodious  as  can  be  desired.  It  is  distant  i8  miles  from  Salt  Lake  City,  via  the  Utah 
and  Nevada  branch  of  the  Oregon  Short  Line.     Fare  for  the  round  trip,  50  cents  ;  baths,  25  cents. 

Visitors  should  never  omit  visiting  this  remarkable  resort  and  enjoying  this  miracle  of  luxurious 
bathing.  The  buoyancy  of  the  water  is  so  great  that  you  can  sit  in  it  with  perfect  ease,  a  few  hori- 
zontal motions  of  the  hands  being  all  that  is  necessary  to  keep  yourself  in  position.  Care  should  be 
taken  by  the  bathers  to  keep  the  water  from  their  ej-es,  nose  and  mouth.  The  following  shows  the 
comparative  density  of  different  bodies  of  water  : 

WATER.  SOLIDS. 

Atlantic  Ocean 96-5  3-5 

Mediterranean  Sea 96-2  3-8 

Dead  Sea 76-0  24-0 

Great  Salt  Lake 86-0  i4-o 

The  lake  is  eighty  miles  long  by  fifty  wide.  It  is  shallow  on  the  east  side  and  deeper  on  the 
west ;  the  greatest  known  depth  being  sixty  feet.  The  most  noted  living  thing  found  in  it  by  Dr. 
James  Talmage,  is  the  artemi  fertiles,  or  brine  shrimp,  a  wonderful  creature  about  the  size  of  a 
mosquito.      (See  reference  elsewhere  and  illustration). 

Vast  quantities  of  salt  are  obtained  at  various  points  on  the  borders  of  the  lake,  by  solar  evapor- 
ation from  artificial  ponds,  during  the  summer  months.  It  is  shipped  to  the  ore  smelters  of  Utah, 
Idaho,  Montana  and  Colorado  for  fluxing  purposes.  There  is  enough  to  supply  the  whole  Union  for 
an  indefinite  period.  The  tourist  should  carry  home  specimens  of  water  and  sand  from  the  shore, 
examine  the  same  under  a  magnifying  glass,  and  he  will  find  that  what  was  apparently  sand,  is  a 
polished  globe  of  lime,  beautiful  to  look  upon.  If  fond  of  climbing,  visit  the  cave  on  the  mountain 
side,  about  half  a  mile  from  the  bathing  houses,  there  get  a  grand  view  of  the  lake  and  islands, 
notice  also  the  wonderful  water  line  that  marks  the  epoch  when  the  lake  was  a  thousand  feet 
higher  than  it  is  now,  and  no  doubt  was  a  fresh  water  lake  at  that  time,  it  is  now  known  to  scientists 
as  "Lake  Bonneville,"  in  honor  of  the  modern  discoverer  of  its  former  existence  and  theoretical 
magnitude. 


PICTORIAL  REFLEX  OF  SALT  LAKE  CITY.  2^ 

Many  persons  ascribe  great  medicinal  properties  to  the  lake  water.  Some  who  are  affected  with 
catarrh,  nervous  debility,  insomnia,  rheumatism  and  skin  diseases,  have  derived  great  benefit  by 
bathing  in  its  waters. 

An  analysis,  by  Prof.  O.  D.  Allern,  of  the  waters  of  Salt  Lake,  gives  the  following  result  : 

Chloride  of  Sodium 79-ii                Sulphate  of  Potassia 3.58 

Chloride  of  Magnesia 9.95                Sulphate  of  Lime .57 

Sulphate  of  Soda 6.22                Excess  of  Chlorine .57 

Total 100. 

Page  17— SALTAIR  BEACH  AND  PAVILION. 

This  new  bathing  resort  about  twenty  minutes  ride  from  Salt  Lake  City,  via  the  Salt  Lake 
and  Los  Angeles  Railway.  From  an  architectual  standpoint,  it  has  no  peer  in  America,  and  for  the 
purposes  intended,  no  detail  has  been  omitted  that  might  make  it  a  delightful  place  for  a  few  hours, 
being  always  cool  and  pleasant  in  the  hottest  weather.  Erected  by  citizens  of  Salt  Lake  City — the 
architecture  being  Moorish — It  was  commenced  February  ist,  1893,  and  completed  June  ist  the  same 
year,  at  a  cost  of  1250,000.  It  was  built  upon  2,500  ten  inch  piling  at  the  end  of  a  pier,  reaching  4,000 
feet  into  the  lake. 

The  total  length  of  the  buildings  from  east  to  west  is  1,115  feet.  It  is  crescent  shaped  in  outline, 
with  the  convex  side  nearest  the  shore.  The  greatest  width  is  335  feet,  and  the  height,  from 
water  to  top  of  main  tower,  152  feet.  The  lunch  pavilion  is  151  x  253  feet,  size  of  dancing  floor  above 
it  is  140  X  250  feet,  without  a  pillar  or  other  obstruction.  The  dancing  pa\-ilion  is  constructed  after 
the  style  of  roofing  adopted  in  the  Tabernacle  (same  size),  but  the  frame  work  is  of  iron.  There 
are  620  bath  rooms.  Bathers  can  be  accomodated  with  any  depth  of  water  desired.  At  night,  1,250 
incandescent  and  forty  arc  lights,  give  the  place  a  fairylike  appearance,  as  these  are  reflected  in  the 
placid  waters  of  the  lake  on  a  calm  summer  night. 


24  PICTORIAL   REFLEX  OF  SALT  LAKE  CITY. 

The  views  are  taken  to  show  the  bathing  facihties  from  the  annex,  looking  towards  the  main 
central  tower — also  the  south  front  or  entrance  to  the  tower.  Another  shows  the  interior  of  the  great 
dancing  pavilion  and  the  fourth  the  lake  or  north  front.  The  central  \dew  is  a  bird's-eye  view  from 
the  architect's  plans,  minus  the  annex.  No  visitor  to  Salt  Lake  City  should  fail  to  see  this  ver>' 
interesting  and  wonderful  creation,  standing  like  an  island  in  "the  great  dead  sea  of  America." 

PAGE  i8— PAST  AND  PRESENT  PRESIDENTS  OF  THE  MORMON  CHURCH. 

First  is  the  immortal  founder  of  this  strange  and  now  world-famed  organization  is  Joseph  Smith 
the  Prophet,  who  was  bom  December  23,  1805  in  Sharon,  Windsor  Co.,  Vermont.  He  experienced 
his  first  vision  in  the  spring  of  1820,  received  the  plates  and  translated  the  Book  of  Mortnon  between 
September,  1827  and  1829,  organized  the  Church  April  6,  1830,  and,  after  innumerable  vicissitudes  and 
persecutions,  was  finally  with  his  Brother  Hyrum,  assassinated  by  an  armed  mob,  who  attacked 
Carthage  Jail,  Illinois,  June  27th,  1844,  while  they  were  under  the  guaranteed  protection  of  the 
Governor  of  the  State. 

Next  is  his  great  representative  and  successor  Brigham  Young,  the  astute  statesman  and  unex- 
ampled colonizer,  who  was  bom  June  ist,  1801,  in  Whittingham,  Windsor  Co.,  Vermont,  ordained  an 
Apostle  February  14th,  1835,  sustained  as  President  of  the  Church  December  27th,  1847,  and  died  in 
Salt  Lake  City  August  29th,  1&77. 

His  successor  in  this  responsible  position  was  John  Taylor  who  was  born  at  Milnthorpe,  West- 
moreland, England,  November  ist,  1808  ;  he  came  to  the  First  Presidency  October  loth,  1880,  and  died, 
after  a  very  active  life  as  propagandist  and  legislator  near  Salt  Lake.  City 

The  present  President,  Wilford  Woodruff,  was  bom  at  Avon,  Hartford  County,  Connecticut, 
March  ist,  1807,  and  has  probably  traveled  further  and  preached  more  than  any  of  his  associates  in 
the  ministry  ;  he  was  one  of  the  first  three  Pioneers  to  look  upon  Salt  Lake  Valley,  since  which  time 
he  has  been  a  hard  worker,  indeed  this  was  his  character  during  his  long  and  busy  life.  His  reputa- 
tion for  honesty  and  unfailing  sincerity  is  above  reproach,  and  he  enjoys  the  full  confidence  of  hi? 
people,  who  desire  that  his  life  may  be  continued  to  his  heart's  desire. 


PICTORIAIv  REFLEX   OP  SALT   LAKE  CITY.  25 

President  Woodruff  selected  as  his  two  Counselors  the  tried  associates  of  President  Taylor  during 
his  administration;  the  first,  G.  Q.  Cannon,  was  born  in  lyiverpool,  Englaiid,  January  nth,  1827;  for 
many  years  his  abilities  have  been  in  continued  exercise  as  a  missionary  and  representative  in  Congress, 
as  a  writer  and  local  legislator,  as  counselor  and  teacher  of  the  doctrines  of  the  Mormon  faith  and 
their  practical  application  in  all  the  avenues  of  life;  so  he  enjoys  the  confidence  of  the  people  and  is 
regarded  as  a  safe  counselor  and  a  man  of  strong  character  wherever  duty  points  the  way. 

His  brother  counselor,  Joseph  F.  Smith,  is  a  nephew  of  the  prophet,  Joseph  Smith,  and  was  born  on 
the  thirteenth  day  of  November,  1838,  in  Far  West  Missouri.  He  is  a  man  of  a  high  spiritual  nature, 
unflinching  integrity  and  devotion,  enjoying  the  confidence  of  his  people  to  the  fullest  extent.  He 
ttkes  a  leading  part  in  all  movements  looking  to  the  advancement  of  the  members  of  the  church. 
Very  agreeable  in  all  his  associations  with  his  fellowman— no  wonder  that  he  and  his  bretheren  enjoy  the 
high  honor  of  being  trusted  to  the  utmost,  as  advisers  and  counselors  both  to  the  President  and  the 
people  of  the  Mormon  Church. 

Page  19— hot  and  MEDICAL,  SPRINGS,  SANITARIUM,  ETC.,  BECK'S  HOT  SPRINGS 

RESORT,  SWIMMING  POOL. 

Among  the  natural  curiosities  of  Utah  are  its  numerous  thermal  waters,  some  of  which  have 
become  more  than  locally  famous. 

Beck's  Hot  Springs,  some  three  miles  north  of  the  city,  are  looked  upon  as  equal  to  any  of  the 
great  sanitariums  of  the  country,  being  recommended  for  both  blood  and  skin  diseases,  for  chronic 
disorders  and  for  rheumatism. 

The  general  temperature  is  122°  F.,  and  bathers  can  use  the  swimming  pool,  250  x  50  feet,  the 
plunge  70  feet  long,  or  private  bath  rooms,  to  suit  small  parties  or  individuals.  ' 

This  wonderful  resort  is  reached  by  The  Great  Salt  Lake  and  Hot  Springs  Railway,  every  forty 
»  minutes,  by  the  Oregon  Short  Line  and  P.  G.  W.  Railways,  or  bv  private  conveyance. 

Hotel  accommodations  are  in  connection  with  the  baths,  and  the  following  analysis  of  the  waters 
is  deemed  official,  so  that  invalids  can  estimate  for  themselves  their  value,  whether  internak  or 
external.  Although  very  heavily  mineralized  (carrying  14,561  grammes  of  solid  matter  in  1,000  cubic 
centimeters'),  the  waters  are  as  clear  as  crvstal,  and  exceedinsflv  palatable.  When  taken  cold,  i* 
operates  on  the  bowels  and^kidneys.     Slightly  peppered  and  Salted,  it  can  scarcely  be  distinguished 


26  PICTORIAL  REFLEX   OF  SALT   LAKE   CITY. 

from  "chicken   broth."     With  a  raw  egg  it  makes  a  perfect  shampoo  for  the    hair.     Prof.   Henry 
Hirsching,  of  the  Salt  Lake  Mining  Academy,  gives  these  analytic  details  : 

GASES. 

Sulphuretted  Hydrogen 14.5  Mgr. 

Carbonic  Acid  (free) 1.5  Vol. 

SOLIDS. 

Carbonate  of  Soda 0.251  Grammes  Calcium  Carbonate 0.405  Grammes 

Sulphate  of  Soda 2.418         "  Magnesium  Carbonate o.ioi  " 

Sulphate  of  Magnesia _.  0.461         ••  Iron   Carbonate 0.008  " 

Potassium  Sulphate 0.182         "  Sodium  Borate 0.004  " 

Chloride  of  Sodium 10.263         "  Calcium  Borate 0.002  •' 

Chloride  of  Potassium 0.145         "  Silica 0.021  " 

Chloride  of  Magnesium 0.125         "  Undetermined 0.063  " 

Chloride  of  Calcium 0.112         " 

Total 14,561  Grammes 

The  IVarm  Springs  are  located  within  the  city  limits  on  the  corner  of  Seventh  North  and  Second 
West,  and  can  be  reached  every  fifteen  minutes  by  electric  cars.  Here  can  be  had  Turkish,  plunge, 
or  pri\'ate  baths.  The  temperature  of  the  baths  runs  from  100°  to  108°  F.,  and  stress  is  laid  upon 
their  curative  value  in  rheumatism,  dyspepsia  and  catarrh  of  the  head  or  stomach. 

These  springs  are  charged  with  hydro-sulphuric  acid  gas  and  ladies  praise  their  virtues  as 
removers  of  tan,  freckles,  etc.,  in  fact,  as  superior  to  any  cosmetic  in  the  renewing  and  preservation 
of  the  complexion. 

The  improvements  and  accomodations  are  of  the  first  order. 

The  Sail  Lake  Sanaloriiini-Natatorium  is  located  in  the  heart  of  the  city,  on  Third  South 
between  Main  and  West  Temple  Streets,  it  is  supplied  with  water  of  110°  F.,  from  an  excellent 
mineral  medicinal  spring  three  miles  distant,  and  is  as  tasty,  complete  and  commodious  a  Sanitarium 


PICTORIAI,  REFI,EX  OF  SALT  LAKE  CITY.  '  27 

as  can  be  found  in  any  city.     Its  waters  are  equally  as  beneficial  as  those  of  other  springs.     The  price 
of  a  bath  at  each  of  these  springs  and  at  the  sanitarium  is  twenty-five  cents. 

These  hot  thermal  and  medical  springs,  so  conveniently  located  at  and  near  Salt  Lake  City  are 
destined  ere  long,  to  make  her  the  greatest  sanitarium  on  the  American  Continent. 

P&GE  20.— TYPES  OF  LOCAL  INDIANS  AND  SOME  OF  THE  SIOUX  NATION. 

The  Indians  represented  on  this,  the  last  page  of  illustrations,  are  types  of  the  races  that  still 
remain  in  the  valleys  of  Utah.  Strange  to  say,  they  are  gradually  dying  oflF,  although  uniformly 
treated  with  kindness  in  every  Mormon  home.  The  policy  of  Brigham  Young  was  that  it  was  Vjetter 
to  feed  than  to  fight  them. 

The  Indians  generally  regard  the  Mormons  as  their  friends,  and  very  seldom  is  there  trouble  now 
between  the  settlers  and  these  aborigines  of  the  country.  Colonies  for  them  have  been  formed  here 
and  there,  under  the  direction  of  Mormon  Elders  with  a  view  of  getting  the  Indians  to  understand 
and  adopt  the  habits  of  the  whites,  but  the  results  thus  far  are  not  very  encouraging. 

Of  the  Goshutes  in  the  western  part  of  Utah  very  few  remain.  Of  the  Utes,  proper,  many  families 
are  seen  at  times  on  the  streets  of  Salt  Lake  City. 

The  Shoshones  and  Bannocks  in  the  northern  part  of  Utah  and  Southern  Idaho  are  more  numer- 
ous. They  are  superstitious  about  having  their  portraits  taken  and  it  is  next  to  impossible  to  get 
them  to  pose  without  dressing  up  for  the  occasion,  attrition  with  civilization  having  led  them  to  have 
some  regard  for  personal  appearance — at  least  when  being  photographed. 

Note. — The  portraits  of  Sioux  Indians  used  were  obtained  from  the  fact  that  they  were  enlisted 
men  in  the  U.  S.  Army  (stationed  at  Fort  Douglas  at  the  time),  and  through  a  strong  feeling  of  friend- 
ship, they  reluctantly  allowed  themselves  to  be  photographed  as  dressed  for  their  famous  ' '  Ghost 
Dance  " — a  concession  never  permitted  when  in  their  own  villages. 

PUBLIC  BUILDINGS  NOT  ILLUSTRATED  IN  THIS  EDITION. 

The  County  Jail  on  Second  South  near  Second  West  Street  commands  attention  by  its  neat 
architectural  appearance.  It  cost  |4o,ooo.  and  in  construction  is  modem.  The  residences  of  the 
County  Sheriff  and  Jailer  are  in  front  of  the  building. 


28  ■  PICTORIAL  REFLEX  OF  SALT  LAKE  CITY. 

SL  Mark's  Hospital  (Episcopal),  opposite  the  Warm  Springs,  is  in  all  respects  first-class. 

St.  Mary's  Hospital  (Catholicj,  managed  by  the  Sisters  ol  the  Holy  Cross,  is  one  of  the  most 
imposing,  the  largest  and  best  appointed  hospitals  in  Utah.  It  contains  200  cots  and  was  created  at 
a  cost  ot  f  100,000,  Monthly  subscriptions  from  miners  and  private  patients  sustain  this  good  work. 
Doctors  Pinkerton  and  Meacham  are  the  surgeons  and  physicians  in  charge.  The  managers  of  its 
internal  economy  were  originally  from  St.  Marj-'s,  Indiana.  Their  devotion  is  as  phenomenal  here 
as  elsewhere.  \  isitors  can  reacn  the  institution,  which  is  situated  between  Tenth  and  Eleventh 
East,  b}'  taking  the  First  South  Street  electric  cars. 

I  he  6>/zt'^r5z/y  o/"  6'/"^// occupies  a  ten-acre  block.  It  is  situated  in  the  north-west  part  of  the 
city  on  Second  Nortn  and  Second  West  Streets.  This,  the  largest  institution  of  learning  in  Utah, 
originated  under  an  incorporation  act,  passed  by  the  local  Legislature  in  1850,  entitled  the  ' '  Univer- 
sity of  the  State  of  Deseret."  It  was  a  grand  conception,  far  beyond  those  days  of  poverty  and  insig- 
nincant  resovirces,  but  it  struggled  patiently  and  bravely  along  under  the  management  ot  its  Regency 
until  1869,  when  Ur.  John  R.  Park,  as  its  principal,  reorganized  it  on  a  broad  basis,  which  included 
scientific,  moral  and  classical  courses.  Since  then,  under  enlarging  legislative  appropriations,  it  has 
grown  to  be  the  foremost  institution  of  the  Western  States.  For  Utah  students,  a  five  dollar  entrance 
tee  is  all  that  tuition  costs.  For  those  outside  (of  which  there  are  many)  twenty-five  dollars  per 
annum  is  the  fee. 

The  Deaf  and  Dumb  Institute,  on  the  southwest  corner  of  the  same  block  (now  located  at 
Ogden  City),  cost  $55,000.  It  is  deemed  large  enough  for  all  of  that  class  who  may  be  entitled  to  its 
advantages.  The  boys  are  taught  useful  trades  whenever  practicable,  and  the  girls  domestic  accomp- 
lishments, in  addition  to  the  common  rudiments  of  education.  The  latest  advance  methods  are  used. 
Here,  thanks  to  legislative  liberality,  education  is  free  to  those  unable  to  pay,  and  but  five  dollars 
per  week  is  asked  for  those  who  are  able.  This  amount  covers  board,  tuition  and  lodging.  Applica- 
tions for  further  information  should  be  addressed  to  the  principal  at  Ogden  City. 

1  he  Latter-Day  Saint's  College  was  built  to  be  used  as  an  institution  for  the  benefit  of  students 
in  all  the  principles  of  advanced  scientific  knowledge,  including  theologj'.  the  apparatus  and  appli- 
ances are  ot  the  latest  pattern,  and  the  institution  promised  to  be  one  of  great  benefit,  but  by  arrange- 
ment with  the  State  olficers  having  charge  of  the  Utah  University,  these  aids  have  been  transferred 


PICTORIAL  REFLEX  OF  SALT  LAKE  CITY.  2g 

to  the  lattter  for  a  time.  The  Deseret  Musenm  is  located  on  the  top  floor  of  the  building,  admission 
is  free.     The  location  is  on  First  North,  between  First  and  Second  West  Streets 

The  Utah  Territorial  Exposition  Building  and  grounds  occupy  a  regular  city  block  of  ten  acres, 
six  blocks  east  of  Main  Street  on  Fifth  South,  and  are  used  for  the  annual  Territorial  Exposition. 
When  filled  with  agricultural,  mineral,  mechanical  and  manufactured  products,  and  local  works  of 
art,  it  is  a  sure  reflex  of  the  material  growth  and  the  refinement  of  Utah's  population.  The  total 
length  of  the  building  from  north  to  south  is  620  feet.  Its  towers  rise  1 20  feet  from  first  floor  to  the 
base  of  flag  pole.  The  central  interior  is  galleried.  The  whole  makes  a  not  easily  forgotten  object 
lesson  of  the  Annual  Fair,  which  is  held  each  October. 

The  Salt  Lake  Theatre,  originally  built  by  President  Young,  is  situated  on  the  corner  of  First 
East  and  First  South  Streets.  Its  area  is  174  x  80  feet,  and  height  75  feet  from  floor  to  ceiling.  The 
stage  is  62  X  32  feet.  Its  general  capacity  leaves  room  for  seating  1,800  persons.  All  the  appoint- 
ments of  this  house  are  very  complete.  Ingress  and  egress  are  safe  and  easy,  and  in  fact  it  is 
considered  as  well  adapted  for  theatrical  purposes  as  any  theatre  in  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

STREET  NOMENCLATURE. 

The  streets  of  Salt  Lake  City  are  laid  out  at  right  angles,  132  feet  wide,  and  run  north  and  south, 
east  and  west — combined,  they  would  extend  over  100  miles. 

The  central  business  street  is  called  East  Temple  (or  Main)  Street,  and  bounds  the  Temple  Block 
on  the  east. 

The  street  bounding  Temple  Block  on  the  south  is  called  South  Temple,  and  somtimes  Brigham 
Street. 

The  street  bounding  Temple  Block  on  the  west  is  called  West  Temple  Street. 

The  street  bounding  Temple  Block  on  the  north  is  called  North  Temple  Street — sometimes 
Aqueduct  Street. 

The  streets  east  of  East  Temple  Street  are  designated  by  numbers  and  called  First  East,  Second 
East,  etc.;  those  south  of  South  Temple  Street  being  called  First  South,  Second  South,  etc.;  those 
west  of  West  Temple  Street  being  called  First  West,  Second  West,  etc. ;  and  those  north  of  North 
Temple  Street  being  called  First  North,  Second  North,  etc. 


jb  PICTORIAL  REFLEX  OF  SALT  LAKE  CITV. 

CARRIAGE  DRIVES. 

The  points  of  interest  that  can  be  reached  by  tourists  when  riding  out  are  Fort  Douglas,  Prospect 
Hill,  Libert}^  Park,  the  "  Drive  "  and  the  Boulevard.  To  reach  any  of  these  you  pass  many  interest- 
ing points  ;"  and  if  time  is  abundant,  a  drive  up  City  Creek  Canon  will  be  found  both  pleasant  and 
attractive.  Hundreds  of  Salt  Lakers  take  their  conveyances,  tents,  and  camp  accoutrements,  and 
spend  delightfully  cool  weeks  during  the  summer  season,  up  all  the  canons  that  open  out  into  the 
valley — except  City  Creek,  along  which  no  one  is  allowed  to  camp  as  a  precautionarv'  measure  in  re- 
gard to  the  domestic  water  supply. 

The  canons  possessing  the  greatest  attractions  are  City  Creek  and  Big  and  Little  Cottonwood 
Canons.     An  ascent  of  any  one  of  these  reveals  a  succession  of  beautiful  pictures. 

On  West  Temple,  between  South  Temple  and  First  South,  can  be  found  the  largest  and  best 
appointed  livery  and  transfer  stables  in  the  west  ;  they  possess  facilities  for  hauling  large  parties  of 
tourists  in  their  celebrated  Tally- Ho  Coach  "  Raymond,"  the  largest  in  the  world  ;  and  other  com- 
modious "Drags,"  Coupes,  Victorias,  etc.,  etc.  Gentlemanly  drivers,  well  posted  on  matters  of 
interest  to  tourists,  are  furnished,  other  establishments  also  furnish  livery  outfits. 

Calder's  Park,  just  south  of  the  city,  and  Liberty  Park  just  within  the  limits,  are  both  beautiful 
resorts  with  all  the  essential  features,  and  can  be  reached  easily  by  electric  cars. 

POINTS  OF  INTEREST  OUTSIDE  OF  THE  CITY. 

The  visitor  who  intends  to  enjoy  himself  for  a  few  days  in  Utah,  should  visit  some  of  the  grand 
canons  of  the  Wasatch  range.  The  most  beautiful  is  Big  Cottonwood  Canon,  easily  accessible  by 
conveyance,  the  road  is  smooth  and  the  scenery  well  repays.  Little  Cottonwood  Canon  can  be  reached 
in  summer  by  daily  stage  to  Wasatch  ("Granite"  Summer  Resort,)  thence  by  tram  cars  to  Alta, 
9,000  feet  elevation.     From  the  heated  valley  to  snow  banks  in  a  few  hours  is  a  trip  worth  taking. 

Should  the  visitor  desire  to  still  further  take  in  the  grandeur  of  the  Wasatch  range,  he  is  advised 
to  go  three  miles,  on  foot  or  horseback,  from  Alta  over  to  Brighton's  (Silver  Lake  Summer  Hotel, 
9,200  feet  elevation,)  see  the  beautiful  lakes  and  mountains,  thence  over  to  Park  City,  by  wagon  road, 
and  visit  the  greatest  mining  camp  in  Utah,  the  location  of  the  famous  Ontario  and  Daly  mines. 


PICTORIAL   REFLEX   OF   SALT   LAKE   CITY.  3 1 

From  thence  he  can  reach  Salt  Lake  by  rail  over  the  Park  City  Branch  of  the  R.  G.  Western, 
thus  giving  him  grand  views  in  Parley's  Park  and  in  Parley's  Canon  down  to  the  City.  The  whole 
trip  is  full  of  scenic  interest  and  quite  inexpensive.  The  famous  mines  of  Tintic  can  be  reached 
by  the  Oregon  Short  Line  or  R.  G.  W.  Railways.  The  last  named  passes  around  Utah  Lake  and 
through  the  towns  and  villages  in  Utah  Valley.  The  Oregon  Short  Line  train  leaves  Salt  Lake  City 
direct  for  Eureka  branching  from  a  point  near  Lehi,  the  first  town  reached  on  entering  Utah  Valley, 
where  there  is  located  one  of  the  six  successful  Beet  Factories  in  the  United  States. 

Bingham  Canon,  another  important  mining  camp,  but  in  the  Oquirrh  mountains,  on  the  west 
side  of  Salt  Lake  Valley,  is  also  a  great  place  of  interest.  It  can  be  easily  reached  by  the  R.  G.  W. 
Railway.  Mercur,  and  many  other  mining  districts  are  now  looming  up  with  astonishing  results.  A 
train  for  this  point  leaves  Salt  Lake  City  every  day  and  returns,  giving  the  tourist  an  opportunity  of 
inspecting  the  most  phenominal  mining  district  in  the  State. 

Besides  Utah  Lake,  the  most  noted  in  Utah  are  Fish  Lake,  250  miles  south  of  Salt  Lake  Cit}^  and 
6,500  feet  above  the  sea,  and  Bear  Lake  on  the  northeastern  part  of  Utah.  Both  of  these  lakes  abound 
in  fish  and  are  objects  of  great  natural  beauty. 

STATISTICS  OF  SALT  LAKE  CITY. 

The  population  of  Salt  Lake  City  is  60,000  by  a  close  estimate. 

The  estimated  wealth  of  Salt  Lake  City  is  175,000,000. 

The  altitude  of  the  City  above  sea-level  is  4,300  feet  above  the  sea  at  the  southeast  corner  of 
Temple  Block. 

The  annual  death  rate  of  Salt  Lake  Cit}^  is  less  than  10  per  thousand  of  its  population. 

City  Creek,  Parlev's  and  Emigration  Creeks  are  the  chief  sources  of  water  supply  for  this  growing 
City. 

The  aqueduct  for  carrying  off  its  .surplus  waters  runs  through  the  center  of  North  Temple  Street. 

A  large  canal  runs  from  the  narrows  of  Jorden  River,  twenty  miles  south,  into  the  eastern  part 
of  the  City  with  an  outlet  into  City  Creek  aqueduct  near  East  Temple  Street,  other  canals  are 
also  constructed  to  water  the  western  part  of  the  valley  in  addition  to  two  others  on  the  east  side  of 
the  river. 


32  PICTORIAL,  REFLEX   OF  SALT   LAKE  CITY. 

Salt  Lake  City  has  over  60  miles  of  water  mains,  22  miles  of  sewers,  12,500,000  city  debt,  a  city 
tax  of  %  of  I  per  cent.,  70  miles  electric  street  railway,  it  has  300  arc  electric  street  lights  a  large 
number  of  artesian  wells,  three  fine  hospitals,  a  splendid  public  school  system  and  schools  and  churches 
of  nearly  all  the  religious  sects  to  be  found  in  other  cities. 

There  are  three  daily  papers  published  in  Salt  Lake  City  :  The  DesERET  News,  Herald,  and 
Tribune. 

There  are  twenty-eight  public  school  districts  in  Salt  Lake  City,  where  a  good  common  school 
education  may  be  obtained.     There  is  also  a  good  public  high  school. 

The  different  religious  societies  also  have  schools,  so  that  education  is  easy  of  access  to  all  who 
desire  it.     Kindergartens  are  also  established  and  doing  well. 

There  are  twenty-four  bishops'  wards  in  Salt  Lake  City.  The  Mormon  residents  of  each  of 
these  are  in  charge  of  the  bishop  and  his  two  counsellors  and  an  organization  of  teachers.  There  are 
also  young  ladies'  and  young  men's  Mutual  Improvement  Societies,  as  well  as  Primary  Associations 
for  small  children  and  Relief  Societies  for  the  benefit  of  the  needy  and  aged  members. 

The  arrangements  made  by  the  Mormon  Church  are  so  perfect  that  but  few,  if  anj-,  persons  of 
advanced  age  are  forgotton.  The  sight  of  aged  members  of  that  Church  asking  alms  is  as  rare  as 
angels'  visits.  A  committee  of  gentlemen  make  it  a  business  to  see  that  a  grand  entertainment  every 
summer  in  the  shape  of  an  excursion  is  provided  for  all  who  are  seventy  years  of  age  or  older. 
In  (18961  about  1,700  persons  over  seventy  visited  Ogden  City  and  were  received  with  the  greatest 
enthusiam.  Every  thing  was  free — the  street  cars,  the  railroad,  the  entertainment  and  the  prizes. 
The  Union  Pacific  and  the  R.  G.  W.  Railways  have  annually  assisted  in  providing  these  free  excur- 
sions for  the  aged.  During  the  winter  months  a  grand  free  performance  in  the  Salt  Lake  Theatre  is 
also  provided  by  voluntary'  talent  for  these  old  people,  including  local  widows  (of  any  age)  and  all 
orphans  and  deaf  mutes.  No  restrictions  are  made  as  to  race,  faith  or  color — all  who  are  worthy  and 
elegible  are  entitled  to  enjoy  this  treat. 

SALT  LAKE  CITY'S  MANUFACTURES. 

Salt  Lake  City  is  twenty  miles  long  by  eighteen  in  the  widest  part.  Nearly  all  the  land  avail 
able  for  cultivation  is  taken  up. 


PICTORIAL  REFLEX  OF  SALT  LAKE  CITY.  33 

Thirty-two  million  bricks  are  made  near  Salt  Lake  City  yearly. 

One  hundred  and  forty-eight  thousand  tons  of  salt  are  made  by  evaporation  annually  on  the 
borders  of  the  Lake. 

Forty-nine  thousand  seven  hundred  and  forty  barrels  of  beer  are  made  annually. 

There  are  three  soap  factories  in  Salt  Lake  City  doing  good  business. 

The  Dinwoody  Furniture  Company  is  the  largest  of  several  furniture  manufacturing  concerns. 

The  Z.  C.  M.  I.  Factory  turns  out  about  $175,000  worth  of  boots  and  shoes,  and  $80,000  worth  in 
overalls,  etc.,  giving  employment  to  200  persons.  Solomon  Brothers  also  make  |i2o,ooo  worth  of 
boots  and  shoes  per  annum,  and  Robinson  Brothers  manufacture  about  the  same  amount  of  similar 
goods. 

STATE  ITEMS. 

Utah  covers  an  area  of  82, 190  square  miles. 

The  population  of  Utah  by  last  official  count  was,  (1895),  247,324. 

The  legal  rate  of  interest  in  Utah  is  eight  per  cent  per  annum. 

There  are  over  100,000  teachers  and  scholars  in  the  Mormon  Sunday  School  Union  of  Utah. 

There  are  thirty-nine  banks  in  Utah,  with  a  capital  of  15,011,890  and  deposits  amounting  to 
nearly  ten  million. 

The  total  assessed  value  of  property  in  1895  was  197,983,525.00. 

The  number  of  farms  in  Utah  is  19,816  but  few  of  which  are  incumbered  by  mortgage. 

The  total  number  of  acres  irrigated  is  417,455. 

83,000  acres  nearly  are  included  within  the  boundaries  of  the  State,  the  irrigated  proportion  is 
as  one  of  the  fifty-three,  probably  some  three  million  acres  more  can  be  utilized  by  the  creation  of 
expensive  reservoirs  and  appliances. 

The  number  of  sheep  owned  in  Utah,  3,500,000.  Value  of  sheep,  13,675,000.  The  wool  clip  is 
valued  ^^875, 000.00, 

Value  of  agricultural  products  in  1894,  $  5.863,120.00. 

Number  of  Industrial  concerns  880,  employing  50,541.  Wages  paid,  112,037,118.00.  Capital  in- 
vested, 15,476,245.00. 

Products  thereof  in  value,  16,678,118.00  annually. 


34  PICTORIAt  REFI^EX  OF  SAI,T  LAKE  CITV. 

Number  of  stores  1,974.  Employees,  5,023.  Capital  114,557,300.00,  doing  an  annual  business  of 
$32,855,611.00. 

Utah  has  424  miles  of  railroad  and  90  miles  of  street  railroad. 

Expended  in  public  and  private  buildings  and  works  in  1894,  13,722,914.00. 

School  property  in  Utah  12,355.673.94,  wath  a  total  school  population  of  80,000. 

The  total  output  of  ranch  and  range  was  fi, 259, 566. 00. 

Seven  times  was  application  made  for  Statehood,  which  finally  granted,  the  first  inauguration 
services  were  held  Jan.  6,  1895,  and  from  Governor  Wells'  address  on  that  occasion  many  of  these 
statistics  are  culled.     Since  that  date  all  these  figures  have  become  very  materially  advanced. 

The  rate  of  taxation  which  includes  City,  County  and  State  is  23  mills  on  an  assumed  cash  valuation. 

Salt  Lake  County  has  a  population  of  85,000  souls,  and  the  valuation  of  its  taxable  property  is 
$40,000,000. 

The  output  of  Coal  and  Coke  for  1897  in  Utah  amounted  to  750,000  tons. 

The  products  of  the  Utah  Woollen  Mills  in  Provo  are  sold  all  over  the  Union.  The  demand  for 
them  is  increasing  for  the  reason  that  they  are  all  wool  and  honestly  made  to  wear  well. 

There  are  eighteen  cigar  factories  in  Utah,  The  sale  of  stamps  shows  that  2,563,000  cigars  were 
manufactured  in  a  year,  most  of  them  in  Salt  Lake  City,  where  there  are  thirteen  factories. 

Utah  boasts  of  the  finest  Beet  Sugar  Factory  in  America.  It  is  located  near  Lehi  and  cost 
$500,000  to  build  it.  The  first  year's  run  ( 1891 1  was  10,000  tons  of  beets  which  produced  1,250,000 
pounds  of  fine  sugar.  The  second  year  showed  1,500,000  lbs.  from  io,oco  tons  of  beets,  and  the  third 
year,  with  2,700  tons,  yielded  4.000,000  lbs.  of  sugar.  This  sugar  took  the  prize  at  the  World's 
Columbian  Exposition,  1893.  $4.25  per  ton  is  paid  for  the  beets,  which  were  raised  at  different  places 
in  the  locality.  Twenty  per  cent  was  the  highest  product  of  sugar  found  in  the  beets,  and  those 
came  from  a  place  on  the  west  side  of  the  Jorden  River  in  Salt  Lake  Valley.  The  factory  employ's 
no  men  when  running,  but  some  3,200  people,  directly  and  indirectly,  find  employment  on  its 
account.  Seven  and  a  half  million  lbs.  sugar  made  in  1895.  Nine  and  one  quarter  million  lbs.  in 
1896.  Beet  sugar  in  1897  was  only  three  and  a  half  million  pounds  or  little  more  than  %  the  amount 
of  1896. 

The  present  year  (1898)  will  see  a  $500,000.00  Beet  Sugar  Factory  in  operation  near  Ogden,  and 
the  prospects  are  good  for  two  or  three  more  at  least,  in  the  early  future  ;  when  these  are  in  oper- 


PICTORIAL   RKKLEX  OF  SALT   LAKK  ClTV.  35 

ation  in  widel)'  separated  localities,  exportation  will  doubtless  add  to  the  circulating  medium  and  the 
property  of  Utah. 

Among  the  other  products  of  Utah,  that  of  cotton  is  not  the  least  interesting,  the  first  experi- 
ments were  made  in  1855  by  missionaries  and  colonizers,  Jacob  Hamlin,  Thales  Haskell,  A.  P.  Hardy, 
Samuel  Knight  and  some  25  others  under  the  leadership  of  R.  C.  Allen. 

Noting  the  climatic  conditions  on  the  Rio  Virgen  and  Santa  Clara  (beyond  the  rim  of  the  basin) 
they  procured  some  cotton  seed  from  Mrs.  Anderson  of  Parowan,  they  added  this  to  their  other  farm- 
ing operations  among  the  Indians,  which  proved  a  success  ;  enough  being  produced  after  cleaning 
and  spinning,  then  weaving  by  hand,  to  make  thirty  yards  of  cloth,  a  piece  of  which  is  still  in 
possession  of  Samuel  Knight — the  joint  product  of  self  and  wife. 

Among  the  large  numbers  of  colonizers  sent  down  by  President  Brigham  Young  in  1858,  was 
Joseph  Home  and  others,  who  were  instructed  to  try  this  industry  on  a  larger  scale,  from  one  un- 
fortuitous  circumstance  and  another  it  is  said  that  every  pound  of  lint  cost  $3.50,  but  this  was  grad- 
ually reduced;  rebellion  in  the  South  gave  the  venture  that  impetus  which  culminated  in  the  building 
of  the. factory  at  Washington,  which  ever  since  has  been  an  important  auxiliary  in  supplying  the 
Southern  people  with  clothing  and  Northern  Utah  with  Batts,  Cotton  Yarn,  Towels,  Ginghams  and 
other  fabrics,  and  the  manufacture  of  which  under  the  late  management  of  Bishop  Theo.  Judd,  has 
paid  in  seven  years,  f  20,000.00  in  dividends  and  more  than  $100,000.00  in  wages. 

The  Oregon  vShort  Line  has  542  miles  of  railroad,  most  of  it  broad  gauge,  in  Utah  ;  the  Rio  Grande 
Western,  470  miles  of  broad  gauge  ;  the  Central  Pacific,  157  miles  of  broad  gauge,  and  the  Utah 
Central,  49  miles  of  narrow  gauge,  now  R.  G.  W.  also. 

CIJMATE  AND  FRUITS. 

The  month  of  June  is  the  dryest  in  the  year. 

The  average  annual  rainfall  in  Utah  for  twenty  years  is  16.5  inches,  at  the  Salt  Lake  Signal 
Service  Station,  altitude  about  4,300  feet,  but  at  the  higher  elevations  the  preciptation  is  much  more 
and  remains,  sometimes,  all  the  summer  and  autumn,  as  snow. 

A  few  thunder  showers  occur  during  the  summer  months  and  sometimes  late  in  the  fall. 


36  ,  •  PICTORIAL  REFLEX   OF  SALT   LAKE   CITY, 

Highest  point  on  record  reached  by  the  thermometer  was  102  degrees,  on  July  30,  1889.  Ninety 
degrees  is  seldom  reached,  and  this  is  not  so  much  felt  as  in  the  humid  atmospere  of  lower  places. 

By  ascending  our  canons  during  the  heated  term  you  can  enjoy  any  degree  of  temperature  wished, 
and  also  the  delightful  surroundings  that  make  the  canons  so  attractive. 

Table  of  Elevations  of  the  principal  places  in  Utah.     From  the  U.  S.  Survey. 

Feet  above  sea  level.  Feet  above  sea  level. 

Salt  Lake  City 4,261  Logan 4,557 

Great  Salt  Lake 4.218  Nephi 4,920 

American  Fork 4,608  Parowan 5, 910 

Provo 4,520  Promontory 4,905 

Utah  Lake  4,498  Richfield 5,282 

Spanish  Fork 4,556  Rush  Valley 5,234 

Beaver 6,058  Mammoth  Mine 6,947 

Fort  Douglas 4,800  Tintic 4,833 

Corinne , 4,232  Tooele 4,487 

Devil'sGate 4,835  Wil lard  City 4.350 

Echo 5,589  Daw's  Mountain 13,300 

Filmore 6,025  Mt.  Nebo il,992 

The  lowest  temperature  recorded  in  Salt  Lake  City  was  twenty  below  zero,  January  20,  1883. 
Since  1S74  the  mercury  has  fallen  below  zero  only  six  times  on  the  coldest  days.  The  first  frosts 
being  about  the  ninth  day  of  October,  in  Salt  Lake  Valley  on  the  uplands,  on  the  lowlands  a 
few  days  earlier. 

It  is  very  seldom  that  winds  in  the  Utah  valleys  reach  more  than  twenty  miles  per  hour. 
Cyclones  and  hurricanes  are  unknown. 

The  Black  Hamburg  grape  will  ripen  in  Salt  Lake  Valley,  if  protected  by  a  northern  shelter. 
The  Sweetwater  grape  reaches  perfection,  without  shelter,  but  all  tender  grape  vines  should  be 
protected  in  winter.  Nectarines,  apricots  and  almonds  do  well.  Utah  Strawberries  are  the  finest  on 
earth,  and  her  potatoes  and  vegetables  have  no  superiors.     There  are  only  a  few  trees  growing  in  Salt 


picTORiAi^  rp:flex  of  salt  lake  city.  37 

Lake  City  that  were  found  when  the  pioneers  came  in,  in  1847,  namely  :  a  grove  of  box  elder  trees 
near  the  O.  S.  L.  R.  R.  Station,  and  a  group  of  scrub  oak  trees  in  front  of  a  small  house,  the  second 
one  west  from  the  corner  of  North  Temple  and  Main  Streets  on  the  north  side  of  the  street. 

Excellent  cotton,  grapes,  raisins,  and  semi-tropical  fruits  and  nuts  are  raised  in  the  extreme 
southern  part  of  Utah  beyond  the  rim  of  the  basin. 

The  peach  reaches  perfection  in  the  lower  valleys  of  Utah.  Utah's  apple  crop  suffers  from  the 
codlin  moth,  and  the  indifference  of  those  who  try  to  raise  apples.  By  a  Territorial  (now  State)  Law 
enacted  in  1894,  owners  are  compelled  to  "  sprav  "  their  orchards,  to  kill  insects. 

In  1895  there  were  in  Utah  450,340  acres  of  land  under  cultivation,  of  which  417,455  were 
actually  irrigated. 

"  Dry  farming,"  that  is  wheat  farming  without  irrigation,  is  successful  some  seasons,  but  irriga- 
tion makes  the  raising  of  crops  a  certainty. 

Utah  barley  has  the  reputation  of  making  the  finest  beer.  As  a  consequence  there  are  several 
breweries,  giving  employment  to  a  great  number  of  people.  The  product  is  exported  to  all  the 
surrounding  States. 

Lucerne  or  alfalfa  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  crops,  and  has  made  many  a  poor  man  wealthy. 
It  has  the  property  of  rooting  very  deeply  in  the  soil,  and  stands  drought  wonderfully.  If  watered 
well  from  three  to  five  crops  can  be  cut  annually,  yielding  from  one  to  two  and  one-half  tons  per  cut- 
ting, and  sometimes  eight  tons  of  hay  per  season.     Cattle  eat  it  ravenously. 

The  best  native  timber  is  the  red  pine.  The  only  hard  woods  are  the  mountain  mahogany  and 
maple,  but  neither  of  these  is  large  enough  to  be  available  for  manufacturing  purposes. 

Natural  Gas  is  supposed  to  exist  in  unlimited  volume.  Some  of  the  outlets  show  a  pressure  of 
149  pounds,  and  when  fired,  light  up  the  country  for  miles  around.  The  greatest  storehouse  yet 
tapped  is  at  a  point  near  Centreville,  on  the  border  of  the  Great  Salt  Lake  ;  this  is  now  used  in  Salt 
Lake  City  quite  successfully.  It  is  now  extensively  used  in  Salt  Lake  City  for  public  and  private  light- 
ing and  heating. 

When  the  census  of  1900  is  issued  quite  a  change  will  be  found  to  have  taken  place  in  the  present 
decade,  and  future  editions  of  the  Reflex  will  tabulate  the  later  statistics,  the  above  are  only  a  prox- 
imate, however  interesting  to  many  a  reader. 


38  PICTORIAI.  REFLEX  OF  SALT  LAKE  CITY. 

THE  MINERAL  PRODUCT  OF  UTAH. 

The  mines  of  Utali  in  which  between  fifty  and  sixty  millions  are  invested  have  paid  in  dividends 
over  thirty  millions  since  the  feeble  beginning  of  1870. 

The  estimated  output  of  precious  metals  in  Utah  during  1897  was  as  follows  : 

Silver  (in  value) 14,159,245.00 

Gold  (in  value) 12,492,242.00 

Lead  (in  value) |i. 795,388.00 

Copper  (in  value) |    236,125.00 

Total,  18,683,000.00 

and  since  1870  when  mining  began  in  these  metals,  a  grand  total  has  been  reached  of  f  192,000,000.00 
the  seaboard  price  of  which  was  quite  a  percentage  in  advance. 

Utah  minerals  cover  a  larger  variety  probably  than  any  other  section  of  the  countr}',  see  list, 

Gold  Iron  Mercury 

Silver  Aluminum  Molybdenum 

Lead  Antimony  Titanium 

Copper  Arsenic  Manganese 

Zinc  Bismuth  Tellurium 

besides  all  the  Carbons,  Stones,  Marbles,  Onyx,  Slate,  Gems  of  every  variety,  with  Earths,  Cla3S, 
Salts,  and  rare  minerals  beyond  compare,  the  State  is  indeed  the  Veritable  "Treasure  House  of  the 
Gods  !  "  These  interests  in  the  main  or  with  few  exceptions,  have  been  developed  by  non-Mormons, 
the  Mormons  have  given  greater  attention  to  agricultural  and  manufacturing,  which  made  possible 
the  more  exciting  business. 

Over  260  distinct  classes  of  minerals  have  been  found  in  Utah,  all  having  commercial  value. 

The  Ontario  Mine  at  Park  City  has  paid  out  in  dividends  since  its  start  f  13,335.00  ;  number 
of  dividends,  i  to  187.     The  Daly  Mine,  dividends  r  to  58,  paid  out  1:2,887,500,  both  increased  of  late. 


PICTORIAL  REFtEX  OF  SALT  LAKE  CITY.  39 

The  total  dividends  paid  by  mines  in  Utah  for  1896,  was  $1,943,500. 

The  Utah  output  of  precious  metals  as  far  back  as  1890  was  111,366,532.359  ;  of  coal,  |57?,5i9.oo; 
of  cement,  $210,600.00  ;  of  asphaltum,  $30,000.00;  of  gypsum,  $50,000.00;  of  limestone,  $98,000.00. 

Recent  discoveries  are  likely  to  swell  this  alleged  largest  output  of  that  date  to  almost  fabulous 
figures,  in  the  immediate  future,  see  items  elsewhere. 

THE  FAITH  OF  THE  MORMONS  ! 

Most  intelligent  persons  and  readers  have  heard  or  had  some  idea  as  in  regards  to  the  Mormons 
— the  builders  and  founders  of  Salt  Lake  City  and  the  State  called  Utah.  Many  of  these  ideas  have 
been  quite  crude  and  erroneous,  particularly  as  regards  to  their  religious  views ;  their  industrial, 
social  and  moral  characters  need  no  explanation,  the  base  thereof — Religion,  has  been  and  is  mis- 
understood, and  for  correction  the  following  brief  synopsis  is  introduced  into  the  Reflex  as 

A  MORMON'S  FAITH. 
I. 
They  believe  in  God,  the  Eternal  Father,  in  His  son,  Jesus  Christ,  and  in  the  Holy  Ghost. 

II. 

That  God  is  a  pertect  being,  possessing  body,  parts,  and  passions.  Christ  said  He  was  the  ex- 
press image  of  His  Father's  person — God  is  the  Father  of  the  Spirits  of  all  mankind.  And  that  the 
atonement  of  Christ  was  designed  to  enable  fallen  humanity  to  return  to  the  presence  of  their 
Eternal  Father. 

III. 

That  the  Church  as  established  by  Jesus  Christ  was  destroyed  and  his  followers  gradually  dwin- 
dled until  a  general  apostasy  from  the  primitive  order  was  the  consequence.  That  God  did  not 
acknowledge  the  man-made  systems  that  thus  sprang  up.  And  that  no  man  has  the  right  to  act  as 
a  servant  of  God  unless  he  possess  the  authority  bj'  revelation. 


40  PICTORIAL  REFLEX  OF  SALT  LAKE  CITY. 

It  was  therefore  necessary  that  some  one  in  this  age  should  be  delegated  to  act  as  His  represen 
tative,  so  that  the  same  order  as  that  established  by  Jesus  Christ,  should  be  again  restored  in  these 
latter  times.  Joseph  Smith  was  the  one  selected  and  through  the  administration  of  a  holy  angel, 
the  Holy  Priesthood  was  again  restored  to  the  earth,  with  all  its  orders  and  grades,  as  enjoyed  in 
ancient  times. 

IV. 

That  the  leading  principles  and  order  of  induction  into  the  Church  of  Christ  are  as  follows  : 

1.  "  Faith  "  in  the  living  God  and  His  Son,  Jesus  Christ. 

2.  "  Repentance,"  for  past  sin,  and  a  iirm  resolve  to  consecrate  the  life  to  the  cause  of  truth. 

3.  "  Baptism,"  by  immersion  for  the  remission  of  sins,  by  one  duly  authorized. 

4.  "  The  laying  on  of  hands,"  by  Elders  of  the  Church,  for  the  gift  of  the  Holy  Ghost. 

All  who  obey  these  laws  with  honest  and  sincere  purpose  of  heart  are  entitled  to  enjoy  the  gifts 
of  the  true  Gospel,  viz  :  The  healing  of  the  sick  by  the  laying  on  of  hands,  the  gifts  of  prophecy, 
speaking  in  tongues,  and  the  revelation  of  God's  Holy  Spirit,  for  the  personal  guidance  of  those  that 
thus  accept  the  truth,  with  the  assurance  of  eternal  life,  should  they  endure  to  the  end. 

V. 

That  the  order  of  Priesthood  in  the  true  church  is  as  follows  : 

First,  a  Prophet  whose  right  it  is  to  receive  a  revelation  for  the  guidance  of  the  church,  and  for 
his  assistance,  two  councilors  and  a  quorum  of  Twelve  Apostles,  whose  mission  it  is  to  introduce  the 
Gospel  to  all  nations.  There  are  two  orders  which  constitute  what  is  known  as  the  Melchisedek  and 
Aaronic  Priesthoods.  High  Priests,  Seventies  and  Elders  belong  to  the  first.  Bishops,  Priests, 
Teachers  and  Deacons  belong  to  the  latter.  All  men  who  live  godly  lives  are  entitled  to  enjoy  a 
portion  of  that  Priesthood. 

VI. 

That  the  Bible  is  a  record  of  God's  dealings  with  mankind  in  the  Eastern  world,  and  that  the 
Book  of  Mormon,  as  revealed  to  Joseph  Smith,  is  also  a  record  of  His  dealings  with  the  ancient 
people  who  lived  on  the  American  Continent.  And  that  these  sacred  books  mean  what  they  say, 
and  must  be  understood  similarly  to  all  other  histories. 


PICTORIAI.  REFI^EX  OF  SALT  LAKE  CITY.  41 

VII. 

That  the  sphere  of  woman  is  as  noble  as  that  of  man,  and  that  she  is  entitled  to  all  the  rights 
she  can  enjoy. 

That  all  capable  persons  should  marry,  and  that  any  man  who  shirks  the  obligations  of  matri- 
mony is  a  dangerous  element  in  society. 

That  marriage  is  a  sacred  compact  and  should  be  made  for  time  and  all  eternity,  and  must  be 
performed  in  buildings  specially  erected  for  that  purpose.  For  this  and  other  reasons,  temples  are 
needed,  that  the  vicarious  work  of  baptism  for  the  dead  and  other  ordinances  of  salvation  may  have 
attention. 

VIII, 

That  marriage,  under  well-defined  regulations,  is  necessary  to  the  proper  development  of  the 
sexes,  mentally  and  physically  :  and  that  unrestricted  or  unauthorized  relations  between  the  sexes 
are  illegitimate  and  an  abomination  in  the  sight  of  God. 

IX, 

That  the  payment  of  tithes  and  offerings  to  meet  the  expenses  of  the  church,  to  feed  the  hungry, 
clothe  the  naked,  comfort  the  widows  and  orphans,  and  provide  for  old  and  needy  persons,  is  a  part 
of  the  duty  of  each  member  of  the  Church  of  Christ. 

X. 

That  for  the  full  development  of  the  members  of  the  church,  a  place  of  gathering  is  necessary. 
That  the  Lord  has  chosen  America  as  the  asylum  of  the  oppressed  of  all  nations,  and  that  the  valleys 
of  the  mountains  in  the  west,  are  the  present  places  of  rendezous. 

XI. 

That  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  of  America  is  a  heaven-born  document,  that  the  nation 
will  grow  in  power  and  prosperity  as  the  strict  observance  of  its  principles  are  maintained,  and  that 
it  will  diminish  in  power  in  the  same  ratio  as  its  sublime  truths  are  set  aside. 

XII. 

That  the  practice  of  self-denial  is  the  imperative  duty  of  a  Latter-day  Saint.  For  this  reason  he 
is  taught  to  be  temperate  in  all  things,  to  avoid  the  use  of  tea,  coffee,  tobacco  and  all  alcoholic  drinks 


42  PlCfORlAL  REFLEX  OF  SAtT  LAKE  CITV, 

as  much  as  possible,  and  to  abstain  from  food  interdicted  in  the  advice  given  to  the  ancients,  through 
Moses.  • 

XIII. 

That  all  truths  of  whatsoever  nature  or  character,  which  are  clearly  demonstrated,  are  revel- 
ations of  God's  power. 

That  no  person  is  a  true  disciple,  who  while  professing  the  name  of  a  saint,  is  false  to  that  sacred 
title.     And  that  no  person  can  enjoy  eternal  advancement  without  living  for  it. 

That  it  is  unlawful  to  take  the  name  of  God  in  vain  on  any  occasion. 

That  the  life  and  example  of  Christ  is  the  highest  example  for  all  to  imitate,  and  that  all  vaunted 
superiority  lacking  these  qualities  is  hollow  and  of  no  avail. 

That  every  man  is  free  to  accept  or  reject  the  Gospel,  but  that  he  cannot  receive  remission  of 
sins,  be  reconciled  to  God,  or  enjoy  eternal  life  in  His  presence  on  an}-  other  terms,  than  obedience 
to  the  Gospel,  is  scriptural  and  true. 

That  all  men  will  be  rewarded  or  punished  according  to  their  works,  whether  good  or  evil. 

That  the  dead,  who  did  not  obey  the  Gospel  in  his  life,  can  hear  and  accept  it  in  the  spirit 
world — their  mortal  relatives  or  friends  attending  to  the  ordinances  of  the  Gospel  in  the  Temples,  on 
their  behalf. 

That  all  mankind  will  be  resurrected  from  the  dead  and  will  come  forth  to  judgement  and  receive 
either  reward  or  punishment,  which  will  be  varied  in  degree,  according  to  capacity,  merit  or  demerit. 

And  that  the  glorified  earth  will  be  the  dwelling  place  of  resurrected,  glorified  and  immortal 
beings,  who  will  have  previously  passed  their  mortal  probation  thereon,  and  that  they  will  dwell 
upon  it  forever  in  the  light  and  knowledge  and  glory  of  God. 


PICT 


^9Sf^^ 


When 

You 

Think 

ofQoinqE/ist 

,  <y'    Will  you  please  also 

^  think    of    the   Perfect 

^    Passenger  service  ofFer- 


THE  ONLY 


ed  you  by 


THE  UNION  PACIFIC 

FROM  SALT  LAKE  TO 

DENVER  -  -  -  23  HOURS 

3  Hours  quicker  than  any  other  line. 

OMAHA  -  -  -  32.84  HOURS 

11  Hours  quicker  than  any  other  line. 

ST.  PAUL  -  -  -  4.7}i  HOURS 

12  Hours  quicker  than  any  other  line. 

CHICAGO  -  -  -  47?4  HOURS 

12  Hours  quicker  than  any  other  line. 

ST.  LOUIS  -  -  -         47%  HOURS 

II  Hours  quicker  than  any  other  line. 

THROUGH  TRAINS  CARRY 

PULLMAN  DINING  CASS  (a-la-catte)  PULLMAN  PALACE  SLEEPEES, 
PULLMAN  BUrFET LIBKAB7  AND  SMOKING  OAES.  FEEE  EBCLIN- 
INQ  OHAIE  CAES.  ELEGANT  DAY  COACHES. 
Leaving  Salt  Lake  City  at  7 a.  m.  and  7  p.  m.  every  day  in  the  year. 
CITY  TICKET  OFFICE  201  MAIN  ST. 
H.  M.  CLAY,  Gen'l,  Ag't.  Pass  Dept. 

D.  S,  TAGGART,  Trav.  Pass,  A'gt, 


Transcontinental  Line 

PASSING  DIRECTLY  THROUGH 

Sa.lt  I^a-il^e  Cit3r 

-^IS  THE'^ 


It  Offers  Choice  of  Three  Distinct  Routes 
aud  the  flost  Jlagnificent  Scenery  in 
the  World. 

PULLMAN    PALACE    SLEEPING    CARS    BETWEEN 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  DENVER  AND  PORTLAND 

WITHOUT  CHANGE. 

Pullman  Tourist  Sleeping  Cars  between   Los  Angeles, 

San  Francisco,  Portland,  Chicago  and  Boston 

without  Change. 

FREE  RECLINING  CHAIR  CARS _ -=^-2. 

SERVICE  UNEQUALLED  IN  THE  WEST, 

For  Descriptive  Pamphlets,  Etc.,  write  to 

F.   A.   WADLEIGH,   Gen'l    Passenger   Agt., 

SALT  LAKE  CITY. 


Oregon  Short  Line  Railroad. 

Operating  1421   Miles  of  Railroad  through  the  thriving  States   of   Utah, 
Idaho,  Wyoming,  Oregon  and  Montana. 


THE  ONLY   ROAD  TO. 


BUTTE,  HELENA,  PORTLAND  AND   THE  NORTH   PACIFIC  COAST. 

^^i^^  The  Popular  Line  to  all  Utah  Mining  Districts. 

e^e^s^s^  The  only  Line  to  the  Great  Shoshone  Falls 

^^^^  and  The  Yellow  Stone  National  Park. 

BUY  YOUR  TICKETS  VIA  THE  "SHORTLINE,'' 

UTAH'S  FASTEST  AND  BEST  RAILROAD. 

CITY  TICKET  OFFICE, 

Cor.  2ND  South  and  West  Temple  Sts. 

UNDER  MASONIC  HALL. 

S.   W.   ECCLES,  D.   E.   BURLEY,  W.   H.    BANCROFT. 

General  Traffic  Manager.  General  Passerl|f^i4fid  TJeketiA^W,"        Vice-President  and  General  Manager. 

OmVKRSiiT  OF  L  VI  UOKNU 
L06  ANGELES 


.HHv' 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 

Los  Angeles 
This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below. 


iDEG  11  1959 


UC  SOUTHERN  RFGIOHA'   -dpjov  FiCIl  '*"■' 


B     000  005  759     6 


mm 


